Infancy
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23 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 norm | An average, or standard, measurement, calculated from the measurements of many individuals within a specific group or population |
| percentile | a point on a ranking scale of 0 to 100. |
| cortex | the outer layers of the brain in humans and in other mammals. |
| shaken baby syndrome | a life-threatening condition that occurs when an infant is forcefully shaken back and forth, rupturing blood vessels in the brain and breaking neural connections |
| perception | the mental processing of sensory information, when the brain interprets a sensation |
| gross motor skills | physical abilities invloving large body movements, such as walking and jumping |
| fine motor skills | physical abilities involving small body movements, especially of the hands and fingers, such asdrwaing and picking up a coin |
| reflex | a responsive movement that seems automatic becuase it almost always occurs in reaction to a particular stimulus. |
| SIDS | a situation in which a semmingly healthy infact, at least 2 months of age, suddenly stops breathing and dies unexpectedly while asleep. |
| primary circular reactions | the firsrt of three types of feedback loops in sensorimotor intelligence, this one involving the infants own body. |
| secondary circular reactions | the second of three types of feedback loops insensorimotor intelligence, this one involving people and objects. |
| tertiary circular reactions | the third of three types of feedback loops in sensorimotor intelligence, this one volving active exploration and experimentation. |
| object permanence | the realization that objects (including people) still exist when thety cannot be seen, touched, or heard. |
| information-processing theory | a perspective that compares human thinking processes, by analysis, to computer analysis of data, including sensory input, connections, stored memories, and output |
| babbling | the extended repetition of certain syllables, such as ba-ba-ba, that begins between 6 and 9 months of age. |
| social smile | A smile envoked by a human face, normally evident in infants about 6 weeks after birth. |
| stranger wariness | An infants expression of concern-a quiet stare, clinging to a familiar person, or sadness-when a stranger appears. |
| separation anxiety | an infant's distress when a familiar caregiver leaves; most obvious between 9 and 14 months. |
| self-awareness | A person's realization that he or she is a distinct individual, with body, mind, and actions that are separate from those of other people. |
| social learning | Learning by observing others. |
| temperament | Inborn differences between one person and another in emotion, activity, and self-control. |
| attachment | According to Ainsworth, "an affectional tie" that an infant forms with the caregiver- a tie that binds them together in space and endures over time. |
| synchrony | Father-infant play is often more fun than mother-infant play. |
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