Islam Test 2
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50 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 2 ideas of a person after Sufist "union w/ God" | 1. Come back as a "perfect person" 2. "self" is eliminated and person becomes vessel through which God operates |
| Dhikr / Zikr | Sufi "recollection" (recitation of the name of God) |
| Wali | Sufi "friend of God"; God's elect |
| Tariqa | Sufi "the path" (to God); Sufi order |
| Najm al-din Kubra | founder of Kubrawiyya Sufi order |
| hagiography | a biography of a saint |
| Mevlevi order | Sufi order created by Jalaluddin Rumi; aka "whirling dervishes" |
| Jalaluddin Rumi | author of the mathnawi / masnavi and founder of Mevlevi Order |
| mathnawi / masnavi | "the Persian Qur'an"; an important poetic work concerning direct union with God in the Sufi tradition; considered more important than the Qur'an itself |
| Muhammad al-Senussi | founder of the Senussi order; member of ~40 Sufi orders |
| Aflaki | "Feats of the Knowers of God"; 14th century author; as a Sufi, shows concern for the shariah and deeds of Muhammad |
| Parvana | the ruler's personal assistant; put in power following the Mongols |
| THEMES | the importance of guides in Sufism (Aflaki, Rumi) |
| reed | echoes the sound of God |
| Khidr / Moses | story that reflects the need for guides and to not question them (have supreme faith in) |
| source of anti-Sufism | Ottomans |
| Ibn Abd al-Wahhab | Wahhabi Islam (Saudi Arabia); created most important critique of Sufism |
| Mustafa Kemal Ataturk | first president of the Republic of Turkey; banned Sufi order (1925); switch to Gregorian calendar / Roman alphabet |
| 5 places of anti-Sufism | India, Turkey, Arabic Middle East, Africa, and North America / Europe |
| India and A.S. | not strongly critical; more modernist than Wahabbi critique; Sufis and Hindus worship together |
| Moinuddin Chisti | celebrated Indian Sufi mystic of the 11th century; attracts many devotees on his Urs |
| Urs | death day of a Sufi saint; "union with the beloved" |
| Turkey and A.S. | Sufis forgo use of Sufi words |
| Celmanur Sargut | female Turkish Sufi master; "If it's OK to teach Sufism in the USA, it should be in Turkey, too." |
| Arabic Middle East and A.S. | Anti-sufists thought Sufism would die; Sufis are able to participate in respectable occupations; Khalwati Order in Cairo |
| West Africa and A.S. | 1950's - prominent positions in Sudan until 1970's; political connections and general Sufi welfare...(problems?); Sheik Aly N'Daw from Senegal |
| Sheik Aly N'Daw | Senegalese Sufi spiritual leader |
| Europe & N. America and A.S. | "fusion Sufism" - don't follow common practices, attracted convert / Western Sufis (these folks divorce Sufism and Islam); entrepeneurial Sufis (Sheikh Nazim al-Haqqani); spread of immigrant communities |
| Sheikh Nazim al-Haqqani | Turkish Sheikh and leader of the Naqshbandi-Haqqani Order |
| Sufi Hierarchy of importance and initiation | Sharia, Tariqa, Haqiqa, Marifat |
| Haqiqa | "Truth"; "Unity with God"; stage of Sufism in which members attempt to reach direct knowledge of God while still alive |
| Marifat | mystical experience of intuitive knowledge achieved by Sufis through ecstatic experiences as opposed to rationally |
| ...more from Sufism... | ... |
| Fiqh | the study / theory of law, jurisprudence |
| Fiqih | a jurisprudent; NO enforcement power; "may not be" government appointed |
| Qadi | a judge; HAS enforcement power; government appointed (by caliph, etc.) |
| Madhhab | school of law |
| 5 Sources of Fiqh | Hadith and Sunna, Qur'an, Analogy (Sunni) or Reason (Shi'i), Consensus (ijma; i.e. what scholars before have said); Custom (urf) the informal 5th, what people in this part of the world generally do= |
| Khalwati Order | Egyptian documentary Sufis; practitioners of the silent Zikr |
| fatwa | legal opinion from an Islamic scholar |
| Differences between Code of Law / Collection of Fatwas | connected to political bodies / not necessarily connected to governmental functions |
| 4 types of "jihad" historically | neighboring tribes, hostility (savage nations), jihad, against seceders[ |
| Soroush | author who argues that religion should play some role in democratic government in a religious society |
| Arab Spring (2010) main gripe | with the authoritarian, secular governments (?) |
| Shirin Ebadi | ... |
| importance of colonialism and Islam | ... |
| 5 sources of Islamic law | Quran, Hadith/Sunna, consensus, reason/analogy, (unofficial 5th) custom |
| Anglo-Muhammadan Law | ... |
| two military conflicts that preceded bin laden's rise to prominence | Cold War and Gulf (Iraq) War |
| Religion isn't just about words! | Earnst, Koran by Heart, Hajj video, Madjid |
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