APHG Language/Ethnicity quiz
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42 terms
English | Latin |
|---|---|
 dialects | different forms of the same language that have unique words, meanings, and pronounciations |
| pidgin | A form of speech that adopts a simplified grammar and limited vocabulary of a lingua franca, used for communications among speakers of two different languages |
| creole | A language the results from the mixing of a colonizer's language with the indigenous language of the people being dominated |
| lingua franca | A language mutually understood and commonly used in trade by people who have different native languages. |
| bilingualism | fluency in at least two language |
| language families | A collection of languages related to each other through a common ancestor long before recorded history. |
| language groups | A collection of languages within a branch that share a common origin in the relatively recent past and display relatively few differences in grammar and vocabulary. |
| language branches | A collection of languages related through a common ancestor that existed several thousand years ago. Differences are not as extensive or as old as with language families, and archaeological evidence can confirm that the branches derived from the same family. |
| monoglot | knowing only one language |
| polyglot | speaking several languages |
| isoglosses | A boundary that separates regions in which different language usages predominate. |
| slang | informal language consisting of words and expressions that are not considered appropriate for formal occasions |
| shatter belts | an area of instability between regions with opposing political and cultural values |
| toponyms | The name given to a portion of Earth's surface. |
| generic toponyms | The desriptive part of many place names, often repeated throughout a culture area |
| syntax | the study of the rules for the formation of grammatical sentences in a language. |
| trade language | A language used between native speakers of different languages to allow them to communicate so that they can trade with each other. |
| official language | The language adopted for use by the government for the conduct of business and publication of documents. |
| monolingual state | A society's or country's use of only one language of communication for all purposes. |
| multilingual state | The common use of two or more languages in a society or country. |
| linguistic refuge area | area protected by isolation or inhospitability in which a language or dialect has survived |
| standard language | The form of a language used for official government business, education, and mass communications. |
| ideograms | The system of writing used in China and other East Asian countries in which each symbol represents an idea or a concept rather than a specific sound, as is the case with letters in English. |
| agricultural theory | a general proposition used as a principle of explanation for a class of phenomena relating to the science, art, or occupation concerned with cultivating land, raising crops, and feeding, breeding, and raising livestock |
| conquest theory | One major theory of how Proto-Indo-European diffused into Europe which holds that the early speakers of Proto-Indo-European spread westward on horseback, overpowering earlier inhabit ants and beginning the diffusion and differentiation of Indo-European tongues. |
| barrio | hood in spanish |
| ethnocentrism | Conviction of the evident superiority of one's own ethnic group. |
| plural society | a society in which different cultural groups keep their own identity, beliefs, and traditions |
| ghetto | During the Middle Ages, a neighborhood in a city set up by law to be inhabited only by Jews; now used to denote a section of a city in which members of any minority group live because of social, legal, or economic pressure. |
| race | Identity with a group of people descended from a common ancestor. |
| nationality | Identity with a group of people that share legal attachment and personal allegiance to a particular place as a result of being born there. |
| enclave | A small bit of foreign territory lying within a state but not under its jurisdiction. |
| exclave | A portion of a state that is separated from the main territory and surrounded by another country. |
| ethnic cleansing | Process in which a more powerful ethnic group forcibly removes a less powerful one in order to create an ethnically homogenous region |
| chain migration | Migration of people to a specific location because relatives or members of the same nationality previously migrated there |
| apartheid | Laws (no longer in effect) in South Africa that physically separated different races into different geographic areas |
| ethnic group | People sharing a distinctive culture, frequently based on common national origin, religion, language, or race. |
| ethnic homelands | A sizeable area inhabited by an ehnic minority that exhibits a strong sense of attachment to the region and often exercises some measure of politcal and social control over it |
| ethnic neighborhood | Neighborhood, typically situated in a larger metropolitan city and constructed by or comprised of a local culture, in which a local culture can practice its customs. |
| ethnic islands | A small rural area settled by a single, distinctive ethnic group that placed its imprint on the landscape. |
| ethnic substrate | Regional Cultural Distinctiveness that remains following the assimilation of an ethnic homeland |
| cultural preadaptation | Adapted traits and skills to advance in migration in a group giving them survival ability |
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