| Term | Definition |
|---|
| federalists | Approved the constitution because they wanted a strong central government and opposed the idea of a Bill of Rights because they said the Constitution already guards against tyranny by limiting the power of government. |
| anti- federalists | Opposed the Constitution because they did not want a strong central government and wanted a Bill of Rights to protect citizens' rights. |
| Amendment 1 (I) | Guarantees and protects the freedoms of religion, speech, press, assembly, and petition on. |
| Amendment 2 (II) | Gives the people the right to bear arms or keep weapons, since a well- regulated militia is necessary to the security of a free country. |
| Amendment 3 (III) | Says that lodging for soldiers in private homes is the only permissible the consent of the owner. (in times of peace) |
| Amendment 4 (IV) | Prohibits unreasonable searches and seizures and requires a warrant if there is probable cause or reason to believe that a search will produce evidence of a crime. (government has the right to eminent domeign) |
| Amendment 5 (V) | Outlines legal rights of people in criminal proceedings. Before being brought to trial for a felony, a person must be charged with a specific crime. A person cannot be forces to give testimony against himself in court. Persons accused of a crime are entitled to due process-that is, a fair hearing or trial. The government may not seize private property for public use without paying the owner a fair market price. (miranda rights) |
| Amendment 6 (VI) | Protects the rights of people in criminal cases and guarantees the right to a speedy and public trial. The accused must be told the charges against him and must be allowed to have a lawyer. |
| Amendment 7 (VII) | Preserves the right of trial by jury in civil cases or cases involving parties contesting private matters. |
| Amendment 8 (VIII) | Forbids unreasonably high bail to beset by courts. Also, punishment may not be cruel or unusable (such as torture). |
| Amendment 9 (XI) | Provides that the people retain certain rights, even though the Constitution does not specifically list them. |
| Amendment 10 (X) | Says that powers not given to the federal government belong to the states. This amendment limits the power of federal government. |
| Jim Crow Laws | Laws that many different states created to impose legal punishment on mixing races and were in effect from 1880s-1960s. |
| Little Rock 9 | incident in which troops helped integrate a high school |
| NAACP | organization with the purpose of advancing African- American rights |
| Brown v. Board of Education | "Separate but Equal has no place in public schools" |
| Plessy v. Ferguson | "Separate but Equal" |
| Voters Rights Act / 1965 | Law created for enforce minority voting, especially in the South |
| Segregation | Keeping races separate |
| Integration | Bringing races together |
| Thurgood Marshall | Linda Brown's lawyer |
| Precedent | The lasting effect of a Supreme Court decision on society |
| Amendment 13 (XIII) | made slavery illegal. you also can't force someone to work except as a punishment for crime |
| Amendment 14 (XIV) | everyone born in the U.S. is a citizen and no state can take away rights with laws |
| Amendment 15 (XV) | all citizen of age can vote. after the amendment, people can vote no matter what race, the color of their skin, or if the were previously slaves. (women still can't vote) |
| Amendment 19 | gave women the right to vote |
| Amendment 24 | the right to vote in a national election shall not be denied because a person fails to pay a poll tax, or any other tax. |
| Amendment 26 | gives citizens 18 or older the right to vote |
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