Unit 2 - Digestive System
About this set
Created by:
DRHS_Biology Plus on December 15, 2009
Subjects:
Classes:
Shupe Biology, Mrs. Shupe's Biology
Log in to favorite or report as inappropriate.
Order by
49 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 digestive system | the body system that converts foods into simpler molecules that can be absorbed and used by the cells of the body |
| mouth | this part of the digestive system mechanically digests food (teeth) by breaking down food into small fragments and saliva moistens foods and begins chemical digestion by breaking down carbohydrates with the enzyme amylase |
| amylase | the enzyme in saliva that breaks down carbohydrates in the mouth |
| teeth | these are located in the mouth and mechanically digest food in the mouth |
| amylase | chemical digestion that takes place in the mouth is caused by what enzyme in saliva? |
| esophagus | tube that connects the mouth to the stomach |
| peristalsis | contractions that squeeze food down to the stomach |
| heartburn | back flow of stomach acid into the esophagus |
| stomach | a large muscular sac that churns and mixes food; contains glands that produce HCl (hydrochloric acid) |
| HCl | activates the enzyme pepsin that begins protein digestion |
| HCl and pepsin | responsible for chemical digestion in the stomach |
| chyme | the mixture of food and enzymes found in the stomach |
| pH scale | measures how acid or basic a substance is |
| ulcer | when the stomach lining is eaten away by the persons own gastric juices |
| pH scale | a scale that measures how acidic or basic a substance is (ranges from 0-14) |
| 7 | a pH of ________ is neutral |
| acidic | a pH below 7 is ____________ |
| basic | a pH above 7 is ___________ |
| muscle contractions | the growling or rumbling noise when your stomach growls is due to the ______________ ___________ of the stomach and small intestine when they are propelling the food, gas, and fluids during peristalsis |
| empty | the growling when your stomach growls becomes louder when the stomach is ___________ |
| burping | this is caused by extra gas entering your digestive tract when you eat or drink |
| carbon dioxide | _____________ __________________ is present in carbonated beverages which may cause more burping |
| small intestine | most chemical digestion and nutrient abosorption of food occurs here |
| buffers | weak acids or bases that can react with strong acids or base to prevent sharp sudden changes in pH |
| pancreas | secretes the buffer bicarbonate into the small intestine to neutralize the strong acids coming from the stomach |
| gall bladder | storage area for bile |
| liver | produces bile to break down lipids |
| bile | this substance produced by the liver breaks down lipids (fats) |
| pancreas | produces hormones to regulate blood sugar levels (insulin); prodcues enzymes to break down carbohydrates, lipids, and protein, and produces bicarbonate to neutralize stomach acid |
| type 1 | type of diabetes in which the pancreas does not produce insulin; previously known as juvenile diabetes |
| type 2 | most common form of diabetes; either the body does not produce enough insulin or the cells ignore insulin |
| eyes, kidneys, nerves, or heart | when glucose builds up in the blood instead of going into cells it can damage |
| insulin | takes the sugar from the blood into the cells |
| insulin | hormone that is needed to convert sugar (glucose), starches, and other food into energy needed for daily life |
| large intestine | part of the digestive system that absorbs water from the undigested material that is left |
| not enough | Diarrhea is caused by ________ __________ water being absorbed |
| too much | constipation is caused by ________ ___________ water being absorbed |
| small intestine | lipids are digested where? |
| mouth | carbohydrates begin to be digested where? |
| stomach | proteins are digested where? |
| bicarbonate | the pancreas produces this buffer to neutralize stomach acid |
| anus |  Use the diagram to label K |
| appendix | Use the diagram to label E |
| large intestine | Use the diagram to label D |
| small intestine | Use the diagram to label I |
| pancreas | Use the diagram to label H |
| stomach | Use the diagram to label G |
| liver | Use the diagram to label B |
| gall bladder | Use the diagram to label C |
First Time Here?
Welcome to Quizlet, a fun, free place to study. Try these flashcards, find others to study, or make your own.
Completed “Learn” mode
Lucile13 , espasha , tdchapma , brjwebb , skittles2000 , tlutter , jrfreestone , kathrines , crichin , anholst , lafoliak , ajcastil , TromboneDude , degilber , e_preayer (See all 19)