| Term | Definition |
|---|
| an object is in motion when... | its distance changes relative to a reference point |
| a net force results from.,. | unbalanced forces |
| unbalanced forces cause... | an object to accelerate |
| balanced forces are... | equal forces exerted in opposite directions |
| balanced forces do not... | change an object's motion |
| energy is ... | the ability to do work |
| when work is done... | energy is transferred |
| kinetic energy is... | energy is motion |
| potential energy is... | energy of position or shape |
| motion | the state in which one object's distance from another is changing |
| reference point | a place or object used for comparison to determine if an object is in motion |
| speed | the distance an object travels in one unit of time |
| velocity | speed in a given direction |
| acceleration | the rate at which velocity changes |
| force | a push or pull exerted on an object |
| unbalanced force | a net force that causes a change in an object's motion |
| balanced force | equal forces acting on an object in opposite directions |
| work | the product of force and distance when a force is used to move an object |
| energy | the ability to do work or cause change; such as moving one object some distance |
| potential energy | energy that is stored and available to be used later |
| kinetic energy | energy that an object has because of its motion |
| three temperature scales are... | fahrenheit, celsius, kelvin |
| temperature is... | a measure of the average kinetic energy of each particle within an object |
| thermal energy is... | the total energy of the particles that make up an object |
| fahrenheit scale | the temperature scale on which 32 and 212 are the temperatures at which water freezes and boils |
| celsius scale | the temperature scale on which 0 and 100 are the temperatures at which water freeezes and boils |
| kelvin scale | the temperature scale on which zero is the temperature at which no more energy can be removed from matter |
| absolute zero | the temperature at which no more energy can be removed from matter |
| heat is... | a transfer of thermal energy |
| heat is transferred by... | conduction, convection, and radiation |
| the amount of energy needed to raise the temperature of 1 kilogram of ... | a substance by 1 kelvin is the specific heat |
| heat | the movement of thermal energy from one substance to another |
| conduction | the transfer of thermal energy through direct contact between particles of matter |
| convection | the tranfer of themal energy by movements of fluid |
| radiation | the transfer of energy by electromagnetic waves |
| insulator | a material that does not easily transfer thermal energy or electric current between its particles |
| specific heat | the amount of thermal energy required to raise the temperature of one kilogram of a substance by one Kelvin |
| matter can undergo a change of state when... | thermal energy is added or removed |
| as matter is heated... | its particles move faster |
| state | the physical form of matter, for example, solid or liquid or gas |
| thermal expansion | the expansion of matter when it is heated |
| thermostat | a device that regulates temperature |
| bimetallic strip | a strip made of two different metals that expand at different rates |
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