1.
abnormal: any pattern of behavior that causes people significant distress, causes them to harm themselvs or others, or interferes with their ability to function in daily life
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action therapies: behavior modification or applies behavior analysis which is the use of learning techniques to change undesirable behavior and increased desirable behavior
3.
agreeableness: emotional style, friendly, pleasant
4.
alarm: ANS activation; burst of energy, fever, nausea, headache
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alfred adler: feelings of superiority or inferiority. birth order effects
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all or nothing cause of panic disorder: if one thing goes wrong, it's all ruined
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allports trait theory: personality is genetically pre-wired
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anal stage: 1.5-3 years. effects of toilet training. anal expulsive or anal retentive
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anxiety disorder: fear vs. free floating anxiety. OCD, panic disorder, generalized anxiety disorder
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approach-approach: torn between two desirable goals
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approach-avoidance: choosing yes or no about a goal that has both good and bad effects
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authenticity: genuine, open, honest responding to a client
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avoidance-avoidance: torn between two undesirable goals
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behavior modification: (following a response with something good) extiction (removing attention/pleasant reward when bad behavior has occured)
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behaviorism: disorders are learned
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behaviorist cause of panic disorders: learned over time
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big five (OCEAN): openness, conscientiousness, extroversion, agreeableness, neuroticism
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biological model: medical model psych disorders have a biological cause
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biomedical therapy: undergoing a medical procedure to bring about changes in behavior
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carl jung: collective consciousness
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carl rogers and abraham maslow: self actualization tendency
22.
catastrophe: unpredictable event that happens on a large scale basis. example- tornado destroys home
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catatonic schizophrenia: doesn't respond to outside world, not moving for hours, odd postures, on and off
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cattals 16 personality factors: surface. traits vs. tsource traits
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causes of schizophrenia: genetics, dopamine hypothesis
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cbt therapy advantages and disadvantages: short term and cheaper, only treating symptoms.
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cognitive: disorders are caused by illogical thinking
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cognitive cause of panic disorder: illogical, irrational thoughts
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cognitive therapy: focused on changing though pattern
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college undergraduate stress scale: assessment that measures the amount of stress in a college student's life over a one-year period resulting from major life events
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conscientious: orgnization and motivation; being responsible
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criteria to be considered abnormal: rare behavior, deviance from social norms, personal distess, inability to function normally (maladaptive behavior)
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diagnosing psychological disorders: dsm IV-TR
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disorganized schizophrenia: confused speech pattern, vivid and frequent hallucinations, innapropriate effect, socially impaired, poor hygeine
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dream analysis: unconscious info emerged in dreams
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ego: the largely conscious, "executive" part of personality that, according to Freud, mediates among the demands of the id, superego, and reality. The ego operates on the reality principle, satisfying the id's desires in ways that will realistically bring pleasure rather than pain
37.
empathy: trying to feel what the client is feeling
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eric erikson: eight stages of psychosocial development
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exhaustion: sympathetic reaction used up; resources gone; fatigue illness
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extroversion: outgoing, sociable
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five stages of psychosexual development: oral stage, anal stage, phallic stage, latency stage, and genital stage
42.
fixation: according to Freud, a lingering focus of pleasure-seeking energies at an earlier psychosexual stage, in which conflicts were unresolved
43.
free-associated: loosely associated stream of ideas, free of negative evaluation
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frustration: The feelings, thoughts, and behaviors associated with not achieving a particular goal or the belief that a goal has been prematurely interrupted.
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general adaptation syndrome: a model of the body's stress response, consisting of three stages: alarm, resistance, and exhaustion
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general anxiety disorder: excessive anxiety and worry occur more days than not for atleast 6 months. interferes with normal functioning, causes personal distress, can often lead to depression and other disorders
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genital stage: puberty onward. sexually attracted to peers
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goals of personality psychologists: want to know characteristics of behavior in humans
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hardy personality: strives on stress
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hassals: daily annoyances. example- troublesome roomate, forgetting keys
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humanistic: role of individual life choices and self-concept.
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humanistic therapy: person centered. reflective, unconditional positive regard, empathy, authenticity
53.
id: contains a reservoir of unconscious psychic energy that, according to Freud, strives to satisfy basic sexual and aggressive drives. The id operates on the pleasure principle, demanding immediate gratification
54.
karen horney: basic anxiety, effects of secure and insecure upbringings.
55.
latency stage: from 6-puberty. sexual feelings of the opposite sex are repressed
56.
magnicication cause of panic disorder: making mountains out of mole hills
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major life changes: big life changes. example- getting marries, new job, college.
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major mood disorders: deeply depressed mood comes on fairly suddenly. bipolar disorder
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mild moos disorders: dysthymia- moderate depression for two years or more. cyclothymia- cycle between sadness and happiness that lasts more than two years
60.
minimization cause of panic disorder: only looking at the bad, minimizing the positive
61.
minor vs. major frustrations: affected by how serious the need/goal is to attain
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models of abnormality: biological, psychological
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most important axes of DSM IV-TR: I. clinical disorder, II. personal disorder and mental retardation. III. general medical conditions
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multiple approach-avoidance: choosing between two or more than one goal that had both good and bad things
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negative effects of schizophrenia: flat effect, catatonia, social withdrawal, lack of speech
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neo-freudians: broke away from focus on sexual behavior and emphasis on social/environmental influences on personality
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neuroticism: emotional stability or instability, worrying, anxiety
68.
OCD: obsessions that intrude thoughts and occur again and again. ritualistic obsessions help to reduce anxiety
69.
openness: willing to try new things
70.
oral stage: from birth to 1.5. dominated by the id. effects of early or late weening. erogenous zone in mouth
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overgeneralization cause of panic disorder: using a rule to cover everything and consequentially making errors
72.
panic disorder: sudden onset of impending sense of doom. racing heart, rapid breathing, out of body experience, sweating, dry mouth
73.
paranoid schizophrenia: suffers hallucinations and dillutions that are auditory, believe they are being persecuted or pursued
74.
personality: an individual's characteristic pattern of thinking, feeling, and acting
75.
phallic stage: 3-6 years. castration anxiety and penis envy. development of superego
76.
positive symptoms of schizophrenia: hullucinations, dilusions, disorganizes feelings, irrational thoughts
77.
prevalence of psychological disorders: 22% of adults suffer from mental disorders per year, 44 million in US. 4 out of 10 causes of disability in US is from psychological disorders. most prevelant is depression
78.
problems with diagnosis of psychological disorders: psychs have to diagnose fast so the insurance will pay for the sessions and often times they diagnose the problems wrong due to lack of time
79.
psychoanalysis: "cleanse" unconscious mind. dream analysis, free associated, resistance, transference
80.
psychoanalytical: disorders caused by unconcious conflict
81.
psychoanalytical cause of panic disorder: repressed feelings and thoughts
82.
psychodynamic: role of the unconscious mind
83.
psychological: psychoanalytical, behaviorism, cognitive
84.
psychotherapy: talking to some one who listens, helps them understand their problems, tries to help change. aimed at understanding motives and actions
85.
reflection therapy: mirroring a clients statements with out interfering with flow of ideas
86.
residual schizophrenia: after a major episode the person may return to "somewhat" normal but retains odd, quirky symptoms
87.
resistance: body settles into ANS activation
88.
resistance: patients willing to talk about certain things coming close to repressed material
89.
responses to frustration: persistance, aggression, displaced aggression, escape/withdrawal
90.
rosenhan study: psuedo-patients could not be determined from regular patients. behaviors viewed as abnormal due to contextual bias
91.
schizophrenia: psychotic disorder, disturbances in thinking, emotions, behavior, perception
92.
sigmund freud and personality: born in victorian society which was a time of repressed sexuality. believed the mind was composed of three parts: preconscious, conscious, and unconscious mind
93.
social readjustment scale: 43 events ranked in terms of stress amount
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sources of stress: change, hassles, pressure, inconsistent goals and behaviors, conflict, overload, burnout, "isms" (bigotry)
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stress personality types: type a, type b, type c, and hardy personality
96.
stress reaction: general adaptation syndrome- alarm, resistance, exhaustion
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superego: the part of the personality in Freud's theory that is responsible for making moral choices
98.
three categories of stressors: catastrophe, major life changes, and hassals
99.
three types of conflicts: approach-approach, avoidance-avoidance, and approach-avoidance (multiple approach-avoidance)
100.
trait: concerned with different traits of an individual. want to predict individual behavior based on personality traits
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transference: patient trasfers feelings from childhood onto their therapist
102.
two types of mood disorders: mild mood disorders, major mood disorders
103.
type a: workaholics, perfectionists, competitive. 3 times more likely to have an unhealthy heart condition to type b
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type b: easy going, slow to anger
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type c: internalizes feelings. more likely to get cancer
106.
types of schizophrenia: disorganized, catatonic, paranoid, undifferentiated, and residual
107.
unconditional positive regard: completely accepting atmosphere created by therapist
108.
uncontrolability: learned helplessness effect. executive monkey syndrome.
109.
undifferentiated schizophrenia: one type of schizophrenia to another type
