AP World
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fruteylupes11 on November 1, 2012
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Islam Unit 3
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30 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 Bedouin | nomadic pastoralists of Arabian Peninsula, camel and goat nomads, converts to Islam |
| Mecca | Founded by Umayyad clan of Quraysh; site of the Ka'ba, original home of Muhammad, location of chief religious pilgrimage point in Islam |
| Ka'ba | most revered religious shrine in pre-Islamic Arabia, located in Mecca, focus on obligatory annual truce among bedouin tribes |
| Medina | Also known as Yathrib, town located northeast of Mecca, became refuge for Muhammad following flight from Mecca |
| Islam | religion established by Muhammad, and Islamic prophet, that included a Qu'ran, the direct word of Allah, has various sects, Sunni Shi'a and Sufi, and had religious requirements for its adherents, Five pillars |
| Allah | Muslim God whose direct word were revealed in the Quran via Muslim |
| Muhammad | Prophet of Islam born in 570c to Banu Hashim clan of Quraysh tribe in Mecca,raised by father's family, received revelations from Allah in 610ce and thereafter, died in 632 |
| Qu'ran | recitations of revelations received by Muhammad, holy book of Islam |
| umma | community of the faithful within Islam, transcended old tribal boundaries to create degree of political unity |
| 5 pillars | the obligatory duties for all Muslims, confessions of faith, prayer, fasting during Ramadan, zakat, and hajj |
| caliph | the political and religious successor to Muhammad |
| Sunnis | political and theological division within Islam, supported the Ummayyads |
| Shi'a | also known as Shi'ites political and theological division with Islam, followers supported Ali |
| Umayyad Dynasty | Sunni Dynasty, capital in Damascus, reluctant to have converts because it meant sharing of wealth, focused on military expansion, women experienced more freedom under (hadith, wide occupations, marital respect) |
| People of the Book | people who included Jews, Christians and Muslims who shared their Bible, eventually spread to include Hindis |
| hadiths | traditions of the prophets often record by women that influenced Islamic law and ritual |
| Abbasid Dynasty | Originally support by Shi'a, but they themselves were Sunni, moved capital to Baghdad, welcomed coverts, in later decades women see decline in status, veiled, caliphs continually lose power to invaders |
| wazir/vizier | chief administrative official under the Abbasid caliphate, head of caliphs inner councils, initially recruited from Persian provinces of empire |
| minaret | tall slender town featured on a mosque which is used to summon faithful Muslims to prayer |
| Muslim Agricultural revolution | new crops from newly settled India creates a surplus of good such as lemons, mangoes, eggplants etc, that allows Abbasids to engage in trade with African and other in turn increasing population and specialization. |
| Dar al-Islam | citizens agree to abide to Islamic rules etc state provides safety, property, and religious status provided subjects submit. meaning Islam everywhere. |
| dhows | Arab trading vessel with a triangular or lateen sail |
| lateen sails | triangular sails used on dhow ship |
| Seljurk Turk | Nomadic invaders from the central Asia via Persia, staunch Sunnis ruled in the name of Abbasid caliphs from mid-11th century |
| Persian language | replaced Arabic as the primary written language at the Abbasid court, used for literary expression, administration, scholarship |
| Arabic language | after replaced by Persian, mainly used as language of religion, law and natural sciences |
| ulama | orthodox religious scholars within Islam, pressed for more conservative and restrictive theology, increasingly opposed non-Islamic ideas and scientific thinking |
| Sufism | mystical branch of Islam that incorporated magic and healing into their beliefs, largely responsible for the spread of Islam in Hindu India as it was accepting of lowest caster member and allowed them to remove themselves from castes |
| Mongols | Central Asian peoples who captured Baghdad in 13th century and killed the last Abbasid caliph |
| Chinggis Khan | khagan (leader) of all Mongal tribes in th 13th century responsible for conquests into China and Abbasid region, died before grandson conquered Abbasid capital |
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