HONORS HISTORY STUDY GUIDE
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252 terms
Malay | English |
|---|---|
| Torah |  the first five books of the old testament |
| purple people | Phoenicians |
| they used purple dye | why were the purple people called this name? |
| ancient stone | what does Paleolithic mean? |
| Nile | what is the longest river in the world? |
| Moses | recieved the Ten Commandments at Mount Sinai |
| Amenhotep | changed his name to Akhenaton |
| Judah in the north and Israel in the south | the the two kingdoms of Israel after their split in 900 B.C. |
| the time before written language | what is prehistory? |
| Hammurabi | babylonian king starting in 1792 B.C.; had a harsh law code of 282 laws |
| Menes | united Egypt into one kingdom in 3200 B.C. |
| Jean-Francois Champollion | decipherer of the Rosetta Stone |
| Book of the Dead | scrolls that served as a guide for the afterlife in ancient Egypt |
| Donald Johanson | discovered Lucy in 1974 |
| Moses | led the Hebrews out of Egypt in the Exodus |
| Howard Carter | discovered King Tut's tomb |
| the Ten Commandments | held in the Ark of the Covenant |
| Buddhism | religion associated with the Four Noble Truths and the Eightfold Path |
| Analects | collection of the teachings of Confucious |
| Silk Road | trade route from China to the Mediterranean Sea |
| selfish and untrustworthy | legalists believed that man was..... |
| Siddhartha Guatama (Buddha) | founder of Buddhism |
| northern India | location of the Ganges river |
| Liu Bang | founder of the Han dynasty |
| Mahayana | which is fancier; Theravada or Mahayanna Buddhism? |
| Laozi | founder of Daoism |
| pictographic, which became Sanskrit | name of the Indo-Aryan writing system |
| Dao De Jing | collection of the teachings of Laozi |
| civil service | Centralized system that runs day to day business of government |
| genealogy | Record of family history |
| Polis | A greek term for a city state which was developed around a central fortress |
| Agora | Marketplace in Greece |
| Oracles | Ancient Greeks believed that gods spoke through priests and priestesses |
| Aristocracies | Greek city states controlled by nobles |
| Democracy | Government in which people rule |
| Tyrants | Rulers who seized power by force but had the support of the people |
| Import | A good shipped in from another country |
| Export | A product sold to another country |
| Ethics | Study of what is good and bad |
| Rhetoric | Study of public speaking and debating |
| Pedagogue | A male slave who taught a boy manners in Ancient Greece |
| Golden Age | Era of cultural progress in Greece in the 400s B.C. |
| Philosophy | Study of basic questions of reality and human existence |
| Phalanx | Military formation composed of rows of soldiers standing shoulder to shoulder with spears |
| Republic | Form of government in which voters elect people to run the government |
| Dictator | Absolute Ruler |
| Patrician | Powerful roman landowners who controlled society |
| Plebians | Farmers and workers who made up the majority of the Roman population |
| Triumvirate | Political alliance of three rulers |
| Rabbis | Religious scholars of Judaism |
| Bishops | Heads of the Catholic Church in major cities |
| Pope | Head of the Catholic Church, means father |
| Martyrs | Persons put to death for their beliefs |
| Inflation | Rise in prices by a decrease in the value of a medium exchange |
| Matrilinear | Tracing your ancestry through the mother's side |
| Potlatches | Ceremonial gatherings of Native Americans and Pacific Northwest |
| chinampas | Raised fields by Aztecs made from mud |
| quipu | Kind of knotted string string used as a memory aid by the Inca |
| Dowry | Goods brought into a relationship by the women |
| Icon | A picture of Jesus, Virgin Mary, or a saint |
| Heresy | Opinion that conflicts with official church beliefs |
| Excommunication | Official edict that bars a person from church membership |
| boyars | Nobles who advised the prince in Russia |
| Czar | Title take by Ivan the Terrible, Russian for Caesar |
| Jihad | Teaching of Islam to defend the faith |
| Hijrah | Migration of Muhammed and his followers in AD 622, marking the first year on the Muslim calendar |
| mosques | Muslim place of worship |
| Shogun | Chief military and governmental officer in Japan |
| Samurai | Japanese warrior hired for protection of lords |
| Seppuku | Form of ceremonial suicide by defeated or disloyal samurai |
| Daimyo | Powerful local lords in Japan |
| Bushido | Code of behavior for samurai |
| Sophocles | author of Oedipus Rex |
| Pesistratus | a tyrant in Athens between 546 B.C. and 527 B.C. |
| Phillip II of Macedon | father of Alexander the Great |
| the Trojan War | subject of the Iliad |
| Herodotus | father of history |
| Socrates | philosopher who drank hemlock to end his life after being convicted of corrupting Athenian youth |
| Heinrich Schleimann | German man who confirmed that the Trojan War was an actual event |
| Crete | island where Minoan civilization arose |
| Hellenic culture | describes the culture in Greece |
| Hellenistic culture | describes the culture that spread to other places from Greece |
| Pericles | man that helped Athens reach its peak; served from 461 B.C. to 429 B.C. |
| Thucydides | fair and accurate writer of History of the Peloponnesian War |
| Homer | blind poet and author of the Odyssey and the Iliad |
| Aristotle | author of Ethics and Poetics; founded a school called the Lyceum |
| hubris | excessive pride |
| Archimedes | Hellenistic scientist; calculated pi, explained how levers worked, invented a water screw, and developed a theory about water displacement |
| Hippocrtaes | father of medicine |
| Athens | state that formed the Delian League |
| Parthenon | temple in Athens built to honor Athena |
| Draco | wrote Athens's first law code |
| Odysseus's journey home from the Trojan War | subject of the Odyssey |
| Pythagoras | calculated a theorem to find the missing side of a right triangle |
| lover of wisdom | definition of philosopher |
| Mycenaeans | group that conquered Minoans around 1400 B.C. |
| Sparta | winner of the Peloponnesian War |
| Persia | group of people who helped Sparta win the Peloponnesian War |
| military | center of Spartan culture |
| Euclid | author of Elements |
| Democritus | developed atomic theory |
| Zeno | established the Stoic philosophy |
| Plato | author of the Republic; founded a school called the Academy |
| medieval | The period of western European history known as the Middle Ages |
| feudalism | Political system of local government based on the granting of land in return for loyalty, military assistance, and other services |
| manorialism | Economic system during the Middle Ages that revolved around sufficient farming estates where lords and peasants shared the land |
| fief | Grant of land given to a vassal from a lord |
| vassal | Person granted land from a lord in return for services |
| primogeniture | System of inheritance from father to eldest son for ownership or possession of land |
| serfs | Peasants who were bound to the land where they worked for a lord |
| chivalry | Code of conduct that dictated knights behavior toward others |
| canon law | The code of law in the Catholic Church |
| common law | Law based upon customs and judges decisions rather than upon written code |
| tithe | Church tax collected from Christians in early times that represnted one tenth of one's income |
| usury | Policy of charging high interest on loans |
| capital | Wealth that is earned, saved, or invested to make profits |
| vernacular languages | Everyday speech that varies from place to place |
| scholasticism | Medieval philosophy attempting to bring together faith and reason |
| humanists | People who specialize in studying the humanities, which includes grammar, history, poetry, and rhetoric |
| indulgences | Paid pardons from punishment for sin |
| theocracy | Government ruled by religious leaders claiming God's authority |
| geocentric theory | Theory according to Ptolemy that the Earth is the center of the universe |
| heliocentric theory | Theory developed by Copernicus that the sun is the center of the universe |
| Jesus | man whose teachings is the basis for Christianity |
| Nero | Roman emperor who blamed Christians for a fire that ravaged Rome; played the fiddle while it burned |
| Caesar, Pompey, and Crassus | three members of the first triumvirate |
| Punic Wars | the name of the wars between Rome and the people of Carthage |
| Hannibal | Carthaginian leader in the second Punic War |
| Hadrian | Roman emperor who put down the last major Jewish revolt during Rome's reign in 135 |
| reform for the public | Tiberius and Gaius Gracchus are known for this |
| Pompeii | city buried in the eruption of Mount Vesuvius |
| Augustus | Roman emperor at the time of Jesus Christ's birth |
| Attila the Hun | in 451, led an assault on Gaul |
| north of the Iberian peninsula | location of Gaul |
| France | present day name of Gaul |
| Octavian, Antony, and Lepidus | three members of the second triumvirate |
| Zealots | people that encouraged rebellion against Rome because they believed outside influences posed a danger to their religion |
| Circus Maximus | a very large and well-known racetrack in ancient Rome |
| the Roman Peace | translate Pax Romana |
| Edict of Milan | granted religious freedom to Christians in 312 |
| Octavian | given name of Augstus, the first Roman emperor |
| the Five Good Emperors | Nerva, Trajan, Hadrian, Antonius Pius, and Marcus Aurelius |
| Hadrian | built a wall in Britain to protect it from invasion |
| Latin | considered the mother of the romance languages |
| Gospels | the first four books of the New Testament |
| tariff | Import taxes on goods |
| subsidies | Government grants of money |
| guerrilla warfare | Military technique relying on swift raids by small bands of soldiers |
| junks | large Chinese ships |
| queue | Single braid characterized the hairstlye of Chinese men in the Qing dynasty |
| philogy | History of literature and language |
| free trade | Practice based on the belief that the government should not restrict or interfere with trade |
| extraterritoriality | Exemption of foreigners from the laws of the country in which they live or do business |
| divine right of kings | Belief that God chose kings to rule a nation |
| gentry | Landowners in England who had social positions but no titles |
| burgesses | Merchants and professional people from towns or cities |
| commonwealth | A republic |
| constitution | Document outlining the basic rights and laws that govern a nation |
| habeas corpus | Legal rights protecting individuals from arbitrary arrest and imprisonment |
| sea dogs | Adventurous group of sea captains from the late 1500's |
| popular sovereignty | Governmental principles based on just laws and on a government created by and subject to the will of the people |
| enlightened despot | System of government in which an absolute ruler rules according to the principles of Enlightenment(applying the scientific method) |
| philosophes | Thinkers of the Age of Enlightenment |
| legislative branch | Branch of government that makes laws |
| executive branch | Branch of government that is headed by the president and enforces laws |
| judicial branch | Branch of government that interprets and applies laws |
| federal system of government | System in which power is divided between a central government and individual states |
| 1050 B.C. | Zhou dynasty established in China |
| 1000 B.C. - 700 B.C. | the Homeric Age in ancient Greece (beginning and end) |
| 776 B.C. | first Olympic Games held |
| 753 B.C. | according to legend, founding of Rome by Romulus and Remus |
| 562 B.C. | end of Nebuchadnezzar's reign |
| 528 B.C. | Siddhartha Guatama becomes Buddha |
| 509 B.C. | Roman republic founded |
| 500 B.C. - 479 B.C. | Persian wars fought |
| 469 B.C. | Socrates born |
| 431 B.C. - 404 B.C. | Peloponnesian War fought (beginning and end) |
| 323 B.C. | Alexander the Great dies |
| 133 B.C. | Romans conquer Greece |
| 60 B.C. | First Triumvirate forms |
| 44 B.C. | Julius Caesar assassinated on March 14, ...... |
| 44 B.C. | Second Triumvirate forms |
| 27 B.C - 180 A.D. | the Roman Peace (Pax Romana) occurs in Rome (beginning and end) |
| 96 - 180 | the Five Good Emperors rule Rome (beginning and end) |
| 220 | Han dynasty ends |
| 476 | last Roman emperor overthrown |
| 550 | Gupta rule ends in India |
| 570 | Muhammed born |
| 632 | Muhammed dies |
| 814 | Charlemagne dies |
| 1096 - 1291 | Crusades fought (beginning and end) |
| 1215 | Magna Carta signed |
| 1271 | Yuan dynasty founded in China |
| early 1300's | Mansa Musa rules Mali (I couldn't find an exact date; this is a period of time) |
| 1309 - 1377 | Babylonian Captivity takes place (beginning and end) |
| 1337 - 1453 | Hundred Years War fought (beginning and end) |
| 1347 - 1351 | Black Death sweeps through Europe (beginning and end) |
| 1431 | Joan of Arc burned at the stake |
| 1440 | Moctezuma I begins his rule of the Aztecs |
| 1453 | end of the Byzantine Empire |
| 1455 - 1485 | War of the Roses fought (beginning and end) |
| 1485 | Tudor dynasty founded in England (end of the War of the Roses) |
| 1492 | Reconquista completed |
| 1517 | Martin Luther posts the 95 Theses |
| 1519 - 1522 | first circumnavigation of the Earth (beginning and end) |
| 1545 - 1563 | Concil of Trent meets (beginning and end) |
| 1555 | Peace of Augsburg signed |
| 1607 | settlement of Jamestown established in English colonies |
| 1620 | Pilgrims land at Plymouth |
| 1688 | Glorious Revolution occurs |
| 1692 - 1693 | Salem witch hunt occurs (beginning and end) |
| 1707 | England and Scotland unite with the Act of Union |
| 1740 - 1780 | Maria Teresa rules Austria (beginning and end) |
| 1762 - 1796 | Catherine the Great rules Russia (beginning and end) |
| 1770 | Boston Massacre occurs |
| 1755 - 1781 | American Revolutionary War occurs (beginning and end) |
| 1776 | Adam Smith writes the Wealth of Nations |
| 1776 | the American colonies declare independence from England |
| 1789 | U.S. Constitution ratified |
| 1796 | the White Lotus Rebellion begins |
| 1839 - 1842 | Opium War takes place (beginning and end) |
| 1867 | Tokagawa shogun falls from power in Japan |
| Du Fu | What poet wrote "A Song of War Chariots"? |
| Kyoto | In 794, the Japanese built a capital named Heian-kyo which became what modern city? |
| No, the Koreans were overtake by the Chinese for much of history | Has Korea always been an independant nation, never ruled by other groups? |
| Golden Horde | What did the Europeans call the Mongol Invaders of the 1200s? |
| Sung dynasty | In 960, Zhao Kuangyin established what dynasty? |
| Thousands | Japan is made up of how many islands? |
| Cambodia, Malaysia, Myanmar, Thailand, and Vietnam | What modern nations make up Indochina? |
| Sui and it linked north and south China | During which dynasty was the Grand Canal built and what did it link? |
| Temujin | What was Genghis Khan's original name? |
| Universal Ruler | What does "Genghis Khan" mean? |
| 1800's | Germany and Italy were politically unified in what century?(individually) |
| Monte Cassino | Where did Benadict establish a monastery? |
| 400s to 1500s in which the classical age ended and began the modern world | Define "Middle Ages" |
| 300 years | How long did Hugh Capet and the Capetians rule France? |
| Otto I | Who was the first Holy Roman emperor? |
| Henry II | What English king married Eleanor of Aquitaine? |
| King John | What king was forced to sign the Magna Carta? |
| Henry I | What English king set up the department of the exchequer? |
| Saint Augustine | Who wrote "City of God"? |
| Parliament | What was the name of France's representative body which was made up of three social classes called? |
| Treaty of Verdun | What treaty divided Charlemagne's empire amongst his grandsons? |
| 1215 | In what year was the king of England forced to sign the Magna Carta? |
| Henry II | What English king became an enemy of Thomas Becker over the issue of trying clergy in royal courts? |
| Aix-la-Chapelle | Where did Charlemagne establish his capital? |
| House of Lords and House of Commons | What are the two houses of England's Parliament? |
| Agreement that limited imperial power and gave popes tha power to name bishops but emperor could appoint bishops | What was the Concordat of Worms and what did it say? |
| Hastings in 1066 | At what battle and in what year was Harold of Wessex defeated by Duke William of Normandy(William the Conqueror)? |
| Leo III in 800 | When was Charlemagne crowned emperor of the Franks and who crowned him? |
| France and Germany | What is Gaul known as today? |
| Saint Patrick | What man is credited with bringing Christianity to Ireland in 432? |
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