Data

Copy and paste the text below. It is read-only. Select All

Dialect A distinctive local or regional variant of a language that remains mutually intelligible to speakers of other dialects; a subtype language. Pidgin A form of speech that adopts a simplified grammer and limited vocabulary of a lingua franca, used for communications among speakers of two different languages Creole A pidgin language that evolves to the point at which it becomes the primary language of the people who speak it. Lingua Franca a common language used among speakers of different languages for the purposes of trade and commerce Bilingualism fluency in at least two language Language families a group of related languages derived from a common ancestor Monoglot knowing only one language Polyglot a person who speaks more than one language Isoglosses Boundaries that seperate regions in which different language usages predominate Slang informal language consisting of words and expressions that are not considered appropriate for formal occasions Shatter belts A zone of great cultural complexity containing many small cultural groups Toponyms the name given to a portion of Earth's surface. official language The language adopted for use by the government for the conduct of business and publication of documents. Monolingual states countries in which only one language is spoken Multilingual states countries in which more than one language is in use Linguistic refuge area area protected by isolation or inhospitability in which a language or dialect has survived Standard languages A language is a standard language when formal agreements exist about the way in which the language is expressed in writing. (English in the U.S.) Ideograms The system of writing used in China and other East Asian countries in which each symbol represents an idea or concept rather than a specific sound, as is the case with letters in English. Agricultural theory An attempt to explain pattern of agricultural land use in terms of accessibility, cost, distance, and prices. Conquest theory theory of the diffusion of the Proto-Indo-European language into Europe through the speakers' overpowering of earlier inhabitants through warfare and technology (e.g., fighting on horseback). Its hearth is around modern day Ukraine. barrio a Spanish-speaking quarter in a town or city (especially in the United States) Ethnocentrism the practice of judging another culture by the standards of one's own culture Plural society a society in which several ethnic groupings coexist, each living in communities or regions variously separate from the others Ghetto area of a city where an ethnic or racial group lives or is contained Race A grouping of human beings with distinctive characteristics determined by genetic influence. nationality the status of belonging to a particular nation by birth or naturalization enclave n. a country or other distinctly bounded area wholly surrounded by another area ethnic cleansing Process in which more powerful ethnic group forcibly removes a less powerful one in order to create an ethnically homogeneous region Chain migration Migration of people to a specific location because relatives or members of the same nationality previously migrated there. Apartheid a social policy or racial segregation involving political and economic and legal discrimination against non-whites ethnic group a group of people who share a common culture and ancestry ethnic homeland a sizable are inhabited by an ethnic minority that exhibits a strong sense of attatchment to the region and often exercises some measure of political and social control over it ethnic neighborhood an area within a city containing members of the same ethnic backround ethnic islands small, usually rural and ethnically homogeneous enclaves situated within a larger and more diverse cultural context ethnic substrate The residu that remains in an area after an ethnic group has largvely assimilated into the larger or hose culture. Is some ethnic distinctiveness that may be reflected in values of the region. (German in Midwest, Scandanavian in Upper Midwest) cultural preadaptation A Complex of adaptice traits and skills possessed in advance of migration by a group, giving them survival ability and competitve advantage in occupying the new environment