1.
absolute poverty: not having enough money to afford the most basic necessities of life, such as foodm clothing and shelter.
2.
Advisory and Authoritative: the grandparent serves as an advisor or a "reservoir of family wisdom."
3.
Ageism: discrimination against people on the basis of age, particularly against the elderly
4.
alimony: spousal maintenance
5.
Alzheimers Disease: a progressively, degenerative disorder that attacks the brain and impairs memory, thinking, and behavior.
6.
anorexia nervosa: a dangerous eating disorder is characterized by fear of obesity, the convictions that one is "fat," significant weight loss, and refusal to maintain one's weight within the normal limits for one's age and height.
7.
backups: siblings serve when main care-giver is unable to
8.
Bereavement: the procss of recovery after the death of someone to whom we feel close
9.
bulimia: eating disorder is a cyclical pattern of eating binges followed by self-inducing vomiting, fasting, excessive exercise or use of diuretics or laxatives.
10.
Career and family women: viewed as wanting to spend more time at home, are recruitin gor part time work
11.
career primary women: sacrifice family and children for upward level positions alongside ambitious men
12.
caregiver: a person, paid or unpaid, who attends to the needs of someone who is old, sick, or disabled.
13.
child maltreatment: includes a broad range of behaviors that place a child at a serious risk or result in serious harm, including physical abuse, sexual abuse, neglect, and emotional abuse.
14.
child support: monetary payments by the noncustodial parent to the custodial parent to help pay for child-rearing expenses.
15.
circumscribed: : limited but predictable and agreed upon. Siblings make clear the limits on their availability. The may have a once a week routine call.
16.
class action suits: legal proceedings that are brought by one or more people but represent the interest of a larger group
17.
community divorce: they inform friends, family, teachers, and others that they are no longer married.
18.
commuter marriages: married partners live and work in different geographic areas and get together intermittently, such as over weekends.
19.
companionate and supportive: the most common pattern (68%) see a grandchild every one or two weeks. Eight in ten grandparents contact a grandchild by telephone at least once every couple of weeks.
20.
Comparable Worth: men and women should receive equal pay for doing work that involves comparable skills, effort, and responsibility and is performed under similar working conditions
21.
comparable worth: men and women should receive equal pay for doing work that involves similar skills, effort, responsibility, and work conditions.
22.
conflict theory: a macro-level sociological theory that examines the ways in which groups disagree and struggle over power and compete for scarce resources and that views conflict and its consequences as natural, inevitable, and often desirable.
23.
coparental divorce: : involves agreements about legal responsibility for financial support of the children, their day-to-day care, and the rights of the custodial and non-custodial parents spending time with them.
24.
corporal punishment: 94% of American parents hve spanked their children by the time they are 3 or 4. It is more prevalent among low-income parents, in the South, for boys, and by mothers, especially younger white mothers (those under age 33). Older parents are less likely to use this punishment.
25.
Cultural Transmitters: grandparents hold values and norms
26.
cumulative effects hypothesis: children whose parents have had several partners over time ahd more internalizing and externalizing problems thatn children who lived with a parent who had remarried, only once.
27.
custodial grandparents: have a legal relationship with their grandchildren through adoption, guardianship, or custody.
28.
daddy penalty: corporations are penalizing the husbands of women who work outside the home
29.
day-care grandparents: assume the responsibility for the physical care of their grandchildren, usually a daughers, until the parents come home from work.
30.
Dementia: the loss of mental abilities that most commonly occurs later in life
31.
Depression: a mental disorder characterized by pervasive sadness and other negative emotions that interfere with the ability to work, study, sleep, eat and enjoy formerly pleasurable activities.
32.
depression: a mental disorder characterized by pervasive sadness and other negative emotions that interfere with the ability to work, study, sleep, eat, and enjoy experience that were formerly pleasurable.
33.
Disassociation: not involved in any of the responsibility for the elder
34.
Discretionary income: money remaining for other purposes after the costs of basic necessities like food, rent, utilities, and transportation have been paid.
35.
divorce mediation: a trained arbitrator helps the couple come to an agreement
36.
dual career couples: both partners work in professional or managerial positions that require extensive training, a long term commitment, and ongoing professional growth.
37.
dual earner couples: both partners work outside the home
38.
Dying trajectory: how a very ill person is expected to die
39.
ecological system theory: explains domestic violence by analyzing the relationships between individuals and larger systems like the economy, education, state agencies and the community.
40.
economic divorce: the couple may argue about who should pay past debts, property taxes, and expenses for the children, such as braces.
41.
elder abuse: sometimes called elder mistretment
42.
emotional divorce: begins before any legal steps are taken. One or both of the partners may feel disillusioned, unhappy, or rejected. The person who eventually initiates the divorce may feel that the marriage was never right to begin with.
43.
exchange theory: both victimizers and victims tolerate or engage in violent behavior because they believe the benefits outweight the costs.
44.
family and medical leave act: allows eligible employees to take up to 12 weeks of unpaid annual leave, with continuation of health benefits, after the birth or adoption of a child, to care for a serious sick family member, or to recover from their own illness.
45.
Family Policy: : the measures taken by governmetns to achieve specific objectives relating to the well-being of families-has improved an of these children's lives.
46.
father-stepmother family: all the children are biological children of the father and stepchildren of the mother
47.
Federal pregnancy discrimination act: forbids employers with more than 15 workers to fire, demote, or penalize a pregnant employee.
48.
ferminization of poverty: describes the growing number of women and their children who are poor.
49.
flextime: allows workers to change their daily arrival and departure times
50.
genogram: a diagram showing hte biological relationships among family members
51.
gerontologists: scientists who study the biological, psychological and social aspects of aging
52.
Grief: the emotional response to loss
53.
half siblings: brothers or sisters who share only one biological parent as well as stepsiblings, stepgrandparents, and a host of other relatives.
54.
Hospice: a place for the care of dying patients
55.
income: : the amount of money a person receives, usually theough wages or salaries but it can also include rents, interest on savings accounts, dividents on stocks or the proceeds from a business
56.
intergenerational ambivalence: contradictions that arise both from structured kinship roles and frm personal emotions.
57.
involved and influential: grandparents plan an active role in their grandchildrens lives
58.
joint stepfamily: : at least one child is the biological child of both parents, at least one child is the biological of only one parent and the other stepchild of the other parent, and no other type of child is present.
59.
Later-life families: families that are beyond the child-rearing years who have launched their children, or childless families who are beginning to plan for retirement.
60.
learned helplessness: the women becomes depressed, loses her self-esteem, and feels incapable of seeking help or escaping the abusive relationship.
61.
legal divorce: the formal dissolution of a marriage
62.
life expectancy: the average length of time people at the same age will live
63.
lingering trajectory: death from a terminal illness such as cancer-medical personell do everything possible to treat the patient, but ultimatey custodial care predominates.
64.
living-with grandparents: typically have the grandchild in their own home or, less commonly, live in the home of the grandchild's parents.
65.
low social integration: the social bonds that people have with others and with the community at large-discourages divorce
66.
mommy track: slower track or even sidetrack for women who want to combine a career with childrearing
67.
mother-stepfather family: all children are biological children of the mother and stepchildren of the father
68.
Mourning: the customary outward expression of grief
69.
no fault divorce: laws so that neither partner need establish guilt or wrong doing
70.
Older support ratio: the number of people age 65 and over per 100 people ages 20 to 64.
71.
patriarchy or male dominance theory: maintains that men's authority creates and condones domestic violence.
72.
poverty line: the minimum level of income that the government considers necessary for individuals and families basic subsistence.
73.
psychic divorce: the partners separate from each other emotionally and establish separate lives.
74.
quick trajectory: acute crisis caused by cardiac arrest or serious accident
75.
relative poverty: inability to maintain an average standard of living
76.
Remote or Detached: the grandparents and grandchildren live far apart and see each other infrequently, maintaining a largely ritualistic, symbolistic relationship.
77.
resource theory: men usually command greater financial, educational, and social resources than women do, so they have more power. Men with the fewest resources are most likely to resort to abuse.
78.
Retirement: the exit from the paid labor force
79.
risk and resilience theories: suggest that the effects of remarriage on children reflect both costs and benefits
80.
Routine Help: the backbone of caring for oder parents. The adult child incorporates assistance to the elderly parent into his or her ongoing activities and is regularly available to do whatever needs to be done.
81.
sandwich generation: baby boomers now in their early 40s to late 50s becaue they must care not only for their own children but for their aging parents
82.
separation: a temporary time-out from a highly stressful marriage during which the partners decide whether to continue the marriage. Or it can be a more permanent arrangement becomes some religious beliefs don't allow diverce or a legal separation.
83.
sexual abuse: a type of maltreatment that involves the child in sexual activity to provide sexual gratification or financial benefit to teh perpetrator
84.
Social capital models: maintain that children in stepfamily households have more problems than children in nuclear families if the parenting is inadequate
85.
social class: : a category of people who have a similar standing or rank based on wealth, education, power, prestige and other valued resources.
86.
social learning theory: we learn by observing the behavior of others. Continuous exposure to abuse and violence during childhood increases the likelihood that a person will be violent as an adult.
87.
Social Security: : a public retirement pension system administered by the federal governent, provides income to more than 90% of the elderly, but the benefits depend on how long people have been in the labor force and how much they have earned.
88.
Sporadic: : describes adult children who provide services to parents at their own convenience.
89.
status compatibility: fairly similar on variable such as education, income, and economic contributions to the household.
90.
status reversal: women are higher than men on one or more such measures.
91.
stepfamilies: a household in which two adults are biological or adoptive parents (heterosexual, gay, or lesbian) with a child from a previous relationship, who elect to marry or cohabit.
92.
steroids: synthetic hormones, most often testosterone that improve physical appearance, muscle mass, and strength.
93.
Styles of Elder Care: Routine help, Backups, Circumscribed, sporadic, disassociation
94.
telecommuting: one of the newest flexible work styles that allows parents to combine both work and child-rearing.
95.
trailing spouse: : the partner who gives up his or her work and searches for another position in the location where the spous has taken a job.
96.
underemployed workers: include people who have part time jobs but would rather be working full time, as well as those who accept jobs below their level of job experience and education credentials.
97.
wage gap: the average women must work almost four extra months every year to make the same wages as a man.
98.
wealth: the money and economic assets that a person or family owns. It includes property and income.
99.
Welfare: government aid to people who can't support themselves, generally because they are poor or unemployed.
100.
working poor: people who spend at least 27 weeks a year in the labor force but whose family or personal incomes fall below the official poverty level.
