Bio Ch 3 Vocab
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28 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 organic compound | compounds made primarily of carbon atoms |
| functional group | clusters of atoms that influence characteristics of molecules; the portion of a molecule that is active in a chemical reaction and that determines the properties of many organic compounds |
| monomer | a simple molecule that can combine with other molecules to make a polymer |
| polymer | a large molecule consisting of multiple monomers |
| macromolecule | large polymers |
| condesation reaction | a chemical reaction where a molecule of water is released |
| hydrolysis | a reaction where water is used to break down a polymer |
| adenosine triphosphate (ATD) | a compound that stores a large amt of energy |
| carbohydrate | organic compounds that serve as a source of energy or as structural materials |
| monosaccharide | a monomer of a carbohydrate (glucose, fructose, galactose) |
| disaccharide | two monosaccharides combined |
| polysaccharide | three or more monosaccharides combined |
| proteins | organic compounds formed of amino acids |
| amino acid | an organic molecule that contains a carboxyl and an amino group and that makes up proteins; a protein monomer |
| peptide bond | a covalent bond formed during a condensation reaction between two amino acids |
| polypeptides | very long chains of amino acids |
| enzymes | RNA or protein molecules that act as biological catalysts |
| substrate | the reactant being catalyzed in enzyme reactions |
| active site | folds on enzymes that attaches to a substrate |
| lipid | large, non-polar organic molecules that do not dissolve in water |
| fatty acids | an organic acid contained in lipids, such as fats or oils |
| phospholipids | a molecule of glycerol with two fatty acids attached |
| wax | a type of structural lipid consisting of a long fatty-acid chain joined to a long alcohol chain |
| steroid | molecules composed of four fused carbon rings with various functional groups attached to them |
| nucleic acids | large complex organic molecules that store and transfer important information in a cell (DNA or RNA) |
| deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) | molecules that contain information that determines the characteristics of an organism and directs its cell activity |
| ribonucleic acid (RNA) | molecules that contain information that is essential for the manufacturing of proteins |
| nucleotide | a monomer made of three main component: a phosphate group, five-carbon sugar, and a ring-shaped nitrogenous base |
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