| Term | Definition |
|---|
| Robert F. Kennedy - April 4, 1968 after the assassination of Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. | "What we need in the United States is not division; what we need in the United States is not hatred; what we need in the United States is not violence and lawlessness, but it is love and wisdom, and compassion toward one another, and a feeling of justice toward those who still suffer within our country, whether they be white or whether they be black." |
| Richard Nixon's Acceptance of the Republican Party Nomination for President, August 8th, 1968 | "My fellow Americans...we make history tonight not for ourselves but for the ages. The choice we make in 1968 will deternine not only the future of America but the future of peace and freedom in the world for the last third of te 20th century, and the question that we answer tonight: can America meet this great challenge?" |
| President Lyndon Johnson, March 31, 1968, announcing that he would not seek re-election | "Yet, I believe that we must always be mindful of this one thing, whatever the trials and the tests ahead. The ultimate strength of our country and our cause will lie not in powerful weapons or infinite resources or boundless wealth, but will lie in the unity of our people." |
| Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. April 3, 1968, "I've Been to the Mountaintop" speech | "Men, for years now, have been talking about war and peace. But now, no longer can they just talk about it. It is no longer a choice between violence and nonviolence in this world; it's nonviolence or nonexistence. That is where we are today." |
| Jackie Robinson | first African American to play in Major League Baseball |
| African American Migration | many African Americans migrated to large northern cities after the Civil War |
| Plessy v. Ferguson 1896 | ruled that separate but equal facilities are constitutional |
| NAACP (1909) | National Association for the Advancement of Colored People |
| Brown v. Board of Education Topeka 1954 | ruled separate but equal facilties were unconstitutional |
| Thurgood Marshall | first African American Supreme Court Justice |
| Rosa Parks | refused to give up her seat on a bus and was arrested in 1955 |
| Montgomery bus boycott | plan for African Americans to refuse to use the bus system until companies agreed to change segregation policies |
| Martin Luther King Jr | became the spokesperson for the Montgomery bus boycott |
| integration | the bringing together of different races |
| Orval Faubus | governor of Arkansas in 1957 |
| Dwight D. Eisenhower | US President 1953-1961 |
| interracial | both African Americans and whites are involved |
| National Urban League 1911 | helped African Americans moving out of the South find homes and jobs and ensured that they received fair treatment at work |
| Congress of Racial Equality (CORE) 1942 | organization that was dedicated to bringing about change through peaceful confrontation |
| Southern Christian Leadership Conference (SCLC) 1957 | was started by Martin Luther King Jr. and advocated the practice of nonviolent protest |
| nonviolent protest | a peaceful way of protesting against restrictive racial policies |
| Student Nonviolent Coordinating Commitee (SNCC) 1960 | student led organization which sought immediate change in the civil right movement |
| Robert Moses | one of SNCC's most influential leaders |
| sit-in | staying seated at a segregated public place when refused service |
| Boynton v. Virginia 1960 | ruled that bus station waiting rooms and restaurants could not be segregated |
| Freedom Rides | designed to test whether southern states would obey Supreme Court rulings for African American rights |
| Robert Kennedy | US Attorney General |
| John F Kennedy | US President 1960-1963 |
| March on Washington 1963 | 200,000 came to Washington D.C. to call for "jobs and freedom" |
| Lee Harvey Oswald | suspected of killing John F Kennedy |
| James Earl Ray | convicted of killing Martin Luther King Jr. in 1968 and sentenced to 99 years in jail |
| Lyndon Baines Johnson | US President 1963-1969 |
| filibuster | tactic which senators prevent a vote on a bill by taking the floor and refusing to stop talking |
| cloture | a 3/5 vote to limit debate and call for a vote in Congress |
| Civil Rights Act of 1964 | outlawed discrimination in employment on the basis of race, sex, or religion |
| 24th amendment | eliminated the poll tax as a voting requirement |
| Voting Rights Act of 1965 | eliminated literacy test as a voting requirement |
| Nation of Islam | preached black separation and self-help |
| black nationalism | a belief in the separate identity and racial unity of the African American community |
| Malcolm X | leading minister of the Nation of Islam until 1964, then he organized the Muslim Mosque, Inc; he fought for black nationalism |
| black power | a call to African Americans to unite, to recognize thier heritage, build a sense of community, define own goals, etc |
| de jure segregation | racial separation created by law |
| de facto segregation | separation caused by social conditions such as poverty |
| Sirhan Sirhan | assassinated Robert Kennedy in 1968 |
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