1.
allegory: characters are symbols, has a moral
2.
alliteration: repetition at close intervals of initial consonant words
3.
allusion: a reference to something in literature of history
4.
anaphora: repetition of the same word or words at the start of two or more lines
5.
apostrophe: someone absent, dead, or imagianary, or an abstraction, is being addressed as if it could reply
6.
archetype: a character or personality type found in every society
7.
assonance: repetition at close intervals of vowel sounds
8.
blank verse: unrhymed iambic pentameter
9.
cacophony: harsh, non-melodic, unpleasant sounding arrangement of words
10.
caesura: a natural pause in the middle of a line, sometimes coinciding with punctuation
11.
conceit: an extended witty, paradoxical, or startling metaphor
12.
connotation: what a word suggests beyond its surface definition
13.
consonance: repetition at close intervals of final consonant sounds
14.
couplet: two successive lines which rhyme, usually at the end of a work
15.
denotation: basic definition or dictionary meaning of a word
16.
diction: choice of words for effect
17.
didactic poetry: poetry with the primary purpose of teaching or preaching
18.
dramatic monologue: character "speaks" through the poem; a character study
19.
elegy: poem which expresses sorow over a death of someone for whom the poet cared, or on another solemn theme
20.
enjambment: describes a line of poetry in which the sense and grammatical construction continues on to the next line
21.
euphony: pleasant, easy to articulate words
22.
feminine rhyme: latter two syllables of first word rhyme with latter two syllables of second word (ceiling appealing)
23.
free verse: no fixed meter or rhyme
24.
hyperbole: exaggeration, overstatement
25.
iambic pentameter: 70% of verse is written this way; ten syllables per line, following an order of unaccented-accented syllables
26.
imagery: representation through language of a sensory experience
27.
internal rhyme: repetition of sounds within a line (but not at the end of the line)
28.
irony: incongruity or discrepancy between the implied and expected; verbal, dramatic, situational
29.
masculine rhyme: final syllable of first word rhymes with final syllable of second word (scald recalled)
30.
metaphor: implied or direct comparison
31.
meter: regularized rhythm of stressed and unstressed syllables; accents occur at approx. equal intervals of time
32.
metonymy: symbolism; one thing is used as a substitute for another with which it is closely identified (the White House)
33.
mood: the atmosphere suggested by the structure and style of the poem
34.
onomatopoeia: use of words which mimic their meaning in sound
35.
oxymoron: compact paradoxl two successive words contradict each other
36.
pace: tempo or rate implied by the structure and style of the poem
37.
paradox: statement or situation containing seemingly contradictory elements
38.
parallelism: presents coordinating ideas in a coordinating manner
39.
persona: assumed speaker of the poem; typically used synonymously with 'speaker'
40.
personification: giving a non-human the characteristics of a human
41.
refrain: repeated word, phrase, line, or group of lines in a pattern
42.
rhyme: repetition of end sounds
43.
rhythm: wave-like recurrence of sound
44.
sibilance: hissing sounds represented by s, z, sh
45.
simile: comparison using 'like' or 'as'
46.
sonnet: 14 line poem, fixed rhyme scheme, fixed meter (usually 10 syllables per line)
47.
stanza: group of lines
48.
structure: internal organization of a poem's content
49.
style: an author's combined use of these ideas into a recurring pattern of usage
50.
symbolism: something (object, person, situation, etc.) means more than what it is
51.
synecdoche: symbolism; the part signifies the whole, or the whole the part (all hands on board)
52.
syntax: word order or grammatical appropriateness
53.
theme: central idea
54.
tone: writer's attitude toward the audience or subject, implied or related directly
55.
understatement: saying less than one means, for effect
