AP Human Geography chapter 1 vocab
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michellelaura_x on January 9, 2010
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58 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 map | a two-dimensional or flat scale model of Earth's surface, or a portion of it |
| place | a specific point of Earth distinguished by a particular character |
| region | an area of Earth distinguished by a distinctive combination of cultural and physical features |
| scale | the relationship between the portion of Earth being studied and Earth as a whole |
| space | refers to the physical gap or interval between two objects |
| connections | relationships among people and objects across the barrier of space |
| cartography | the science of map-making |
| projection | the scientific method of transferring locations on Earth's surface to a flat map |
| Land Ordinance of 1785 | a law that divided much of the United States into a system of townships to facilitate the sale of land to settlers |
| township | a square 6 miles on each side |
| principal meridians | some of the north-south lines separating townships |
| base lines | some east-west lines |
| section | a square normally 1 mile on a side |
| GIS (geographic information system) | a computer system that can capture, store, query, analyze and display geographic data |
| remote sensing | the acquisition of data about Earth's surface from a satellite orbiting Earth or from other long-distance methods |
| GPS (global positioning system) | a system that determines accurately the precise position of something on Earth |
| location | the position that something occupies on Earth's surface |
| toponym | the name given to a place on Earth |
| site | the physical character of a place |
| situation | the location of a place relative to other places |
| meridian | an arc drawn between the North and South poles |
| parallel | a circle drawn around the globe parallel to the equator and at right angles to the meridians |
| longitude | the numbering system used to indicate the location of meridians drawn on a globe and measuring distance east and west of the prime meridian |
| prime meridian | the meridian that passes through the Royal Observatory at Greenwich, England, is 0 degrees longitude |
| latitude | the numbering system to indicate the location of a parallel |
| Greenwich Mean Time (GMT) | the time in that time zone encompassing the prime meridian, or 0 degrees longitude |
| International Date Line | an arc that for the most part follows 180 degrees longitude, although it deviates in several places to avoid dividing land areas |
| cultural landscape | a combination of cultural features, economic features, and physical features |
| regional studies | contemporary cultural landscape approach in geography |
| formal region | an area within which everyone shares in common one or more distinctive characteristics |
| functional region | an area organized around a node or focal point |
| vernacular region | a place that people believe exists as a part of their cultural identity |
| mental map | an internal representation of a portion of Earth's surface |
| culture | the body of customary beliefs, material traits, and social forms that together constitute the distinct tradition of a group of people |
| cultural ecology | the geographic study of human-environment relationships |
| environmental determinism | an approach on how the physical environment caused social development |
| possibilism | the theory that the physical environment may set limits on human actions, but people have the ability to adjust the physical environment and choose a course of action from many alternatives |
| resources | substances that are useful to people, economically and technologically feasible to access, and is socially acceptable to use |
| polder | a piece of land that is created by draining water from any area |
| globalization | a force of process that involves the entire world and results in making something worldwide in scope |
| distribution | the arrangement of a feature in space |
| density | the frequency with which something occurs in space |
| arithmetic density | the total number of objects in an area |
| physiological density | the number of persons per unit of area suitable for agriculture |
| agricultural density | the number of farmers per unit of farmland |
| concentration | the extent of a feature's spread over space |
| pattern | the geometric arrangement of objects in space |
| space-time compression | a term applied by geographers to describe the reduction in the time it takes for something to reach another place |
| distance decay | the diminishing in importance and eventual disappearence of a phenomenon with increasing distance from its origin |
| diffusion | the process by which a characteristic spreads across space from one place to another over time |
| hearth | the place from which an innovation originates |
| relocation diffusion | the spread of an idea through physical movement of people from one place to another |
| expansion diffusion | the spread of a feature from one place to another in a snowballing process |
| hierarchical diffusion | the spread of an idea from persons or nodes of authority or power to other persons or places |
| contagious diffusion | the rapid, widespread diffusion of a characteristic throughout the population |
| stimulus diffusion | the spread of an underlying principle, even though a characteristic itself apparently fails to diffuse |
| uneven development | the increasing gap in economic conditions between regions in the core and periphery that results from globalization of the economy |
| transnational corporation | conducts research, operates factories, and sells products in many countries |
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