Biology Midterm, Part 1
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46 terms
English | Sundanese |
|---|---|
 Acidic | A pH less than 7 is what? |
| Compounds. | Elements combine to form what? |
| When two atoms share an electron. | How do Covalent Bonds form? |
| Two ions of opposite charges, attract and stay with each other. This happens when an atom gains or loses electrons. | How do Ionic Bonds form? |
| A nucleotide, that is converted to ATP for the storage of energy. | What is ADP? |
| An nucleotide, that contains high-energy phosphate bonds and is used to transport energy to cells for biochemical processes. | What is ATP? |
| ADP can be converted into ATP and is also the low energy molecule. ATP is the breakdown of food molecules. | What is the difference between ATP and ADP? |
| Dehydration Reaction | A chemical reaction that involves the loss of water from the reacting molecule. |
| Hydrolysis | Decomposition of a chemical compound by reaction with water, such as the dissociation of a dissolved salt or the catalytic conversion of starch to glucose. |
| Monosaccharide | Any of several carbohydrates, such as tetroses, pentoses, and hexoses, that cannot be broken down to simpler sugars by hydrolysis. Also called simple sugar. |
| Polysaccharide | Any class of carbohydrates, such as starch and cellulose, consisting of a number of monosaccharides joined by glycosidic bonds. |
| Catalyst | A substance, usually used in small amounts relative to the reactants, that modifies and increases the rate of a reaction without being consumed in the process. |
| Enzyme | Any of numerous proteins or conjugated proteins produced by living organisms and functioning as biochemical catalysts. |
| Biochemistry | The study of the chemical substances and vital processes occurring in living organisms; biological chemistry; physiological chemistry. |
| Osmosis | Diffusion of fluid with a low solute concentration to a solution with a higher solute concentration. |
| Facilitative Diffusion | An absorption process during which only certain recognized molecules are allowed to pass into the receiving area. |
| Passive Transport | The movement of a chemical substance across a cell membrane without expenditure of energy by the cell, as in diffusion. |
| Active Transport | The movement of a chemical substance through a gradient of concentration or electrical potential in the direction opposite to normal diffusion, requiring the expenditure of energy. |
| Phagocytosis | The engulfing and ingestion of bacteria or other foreign bodies by phagocytes. |
| Endocytosis | A process of cellular ingestion by which the plasma membrane folds inward to bring substances into the cell. |
| Exocytosis | A process of cellular secretion or excretion in which substances contained in vesicles are discharged from the cell by fusion of the vesicular membrane with the outer cell membrane. |
| Prokaryote | An organism, characterized by the absence of a distinct, membrane-bound nucleus or membrane-bound organelles, and by DNA that is not organized into chromosomes. |
| Eukaryote | A single-celled or multicellular organism whose cells contain a distinct membrane-bound nucleus. |
| Autotroph | An organism making its own food from inorganic substances, using light or chemical energy. Green plants, algae, and certain bacteria are examples of this. |
| Heterotroph | An organism that cannot make its own food and is dependent on complex organic substances for nutrition. |
| Consumer | A heterotrophic organism that ingests other organisms or organic matter in a food chain. |
| Producer | A photosynthetic green plant or chemosynthetic bacterium, constituting the first trophic level in a food chain; an autotrophic organism. |
| Parasite | An organism that grows, feeds, and is sheltered on or in a different organism while contributing nothing to the survival of its host. |
| Scientific Method | A scientist will pose a question and formulate a hypothesis as a potential explanation or answer to the question. |
| Food Pyramids | A graphic representation of the structure of a food chain. |
| Energy Levels | A definite stable energy that a physical system can have; used especially of the state of electrons in atoms or molecules |
| Cell Theory | A principle that describes the cell as the fundamental unit of all living organisms. |
| Isotonic Solution | A mixture containing the same concentration of solute as another mixture to which it is compared. When separated by a permeable membrane, osmosis does not occur. |
| Hypertonic Solution | A solution with a higher salt concentration than in normal cells of the body and the blood. As opposed to an isotonic solution or a hypotonic solution. |
| Hypotonic Solution | A solution with a lower salt concentration than in normal cells of the body and the blood. As opposed to an isotonic solution or a hypertonic solution. |
| Cellular Respiration Equation | 6CO2+6H2O->6O2+C6H12O6+ENERGY |
| Cellular Respiration | Process of oxidizing food molecules, like glucose, to carbon dioxide and water. The energy released is trapped in the form of ATP for use by all the energy-consuming activities of the cell. |
| Diffusion | The passive movement of molecules or particles along a concentration gradient, or from regions of higher to regions of lower concentration. |
| Light Reaction Occurs | What happens in the thylakoid membranes of chloroplasts? |
| Chloroplasts | Grana thylakoids and stroma are all components found in? |
| Grana | Thylakoids are stacked like pancakes in stacks known collectively as what? |
| Calvin cycle occurs without needing light,where as the light depending reaction, as the name suggests, cannot occur when the light is not available | How does the Calvin Cyle differ from the light dependent reaction? |
| How acidic or basic a substance is. | The ph scale measures what? |
| Neutral. | A pH of 7 is what? |
| Basic. | A pH greater than 7 is what? |
| Food Molecules. | ATP is the breakdown of what? |
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