The Rise and Fall of Rome, Judaism, and Christianity
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Created by:
ariannabillias on January 11, 2010
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46 terms
Latin | English |
|---|---|
| Romulus |  killed his brother and named the city they built after himself, Rome/was the first king of Rome |
| Etruscans | Beginning in the 700s BCE,first rulers of Roman Republic and Empire; Laid the foundation for Rome and Roman civilization |
| Consul | one of two elected officials of the Roman Republic who commanded the army and were supreme judges |
| dictator | A ruler who has complete power over a country |
| legion | a large military unit |
| patrician | belonging to or characteristic of the nobility or aristocracy |
| plebeian | of the common people of ancient Rome |
| republic | a political system in which the supreme power lies in a body of citizens who can elect people to represent them |
| martyr | One who suffers for the sake of principle |
| mercenaries | a soldier who is payed to fight for another country or group (dont have enough soldiers so they can jsut go pay for others but it can be bad cause they can be bought off and they are not as willing to fight and you have to pay for them |
| Carthage | City located in present-day Tunisia, founded by Phoenicians ca. 800 B.C.E. It became a major commercial center and naval power in the western Mediterranean until defeated by Rome in the third century B.C.E. in the last of the Punic Wars |
| latifundia | Huge estates owned by wealthy families |
| Gracchus brothers | believed basic cause of Rome's problems was decline of small farmer. urged council of plebs to pass bill that took land away from large landowners and give it to landless romans. killed for this thought. opened doors to more instability and violence |
| First Triumvirate | Crassus, Pompey, and Caesar. Is a government by three people with equal power. Crassus was killed. Caesar became dictator |
| Second Triumvirate | Octavius, Marc Antony, and Lepidus. Ocatvius took over and Replic was over. entered Pax Romana with Octavius. |
| Spartacus | slave, trained as a gladiator, who led a rebellion against the roman army for slave freedom- he was killed after two years |
| Julius Caesar | Roman general, statesman, and historian who invaded Britain (55), crushed the army of his political enemy Pompey (48), pursued other enemies to Egypt, where he installed Cleopatra as queen (47), returned to Rome, and was given a mandate by the people to rule as dictator for life (45). On March 15 of the following year he was murdered by a group of republicans led by Cassius and Brutus, who feared he intended to establish a monarchy ruled by himself. |
| Pompey | Roman general and statesman who quarrelled with Caesar and fled to Egypt where he was murdered (106-48 BC) |
| Octavian | Formed Second Triumvirate in 43BC with Antony and Lepidus after Caesar's death,reduced power of the Senate, began a period known as Pax Romana or Roman Peace |
| Marc Antony | One of Caesar's generals, Falls in love with Cleopatra, He and Cleopatra declare war on Rome in 31 BC which they lose, member of second triumvirate. |
| Brutus | statesman of ancient Rome who (with Cassius) led a conspiracy to assassinate Julius Caesar (85-42 BC) |
| Cleopatra | 69-30 B.C. Ruler of Egyptian government in Alexandria who backed Caesar in the civil war he waged from 49 to 45 B.C.had an affair with Marc Antony. She commits suicie with Marc Antony because Marc was defeated at Actium and Augustus was after them. |
| Pax Romana | A period of peace and prosperity throughout the Roman Empire, lasting from 27 B.C. to A.D. 180. |
| Tiberius | son-in-law of Augustus who became a suspicious tyrannical Emperor of Rome after a brilliant military career (42 BC to AD 37) |
| Caligula | Only ruled for four years, mentally unstable. Roman Emperor who succeeded Tiberius and whose uncontrolled passions resulted in manifest insanity |
| Nero | Roman Emperor notorious for his monstrous vice and fantastic luxury (was said to have started a fire that destroyed much of Rome in 64) but the Empire remained prosperous during his rule (37-68) |
| Claudius | Became emporer after Tiberius' death, and conquered Britain. Married Agrippina, and adopted her son Nero. She poisoned Claudius so Nero could be emperor. |
| Boudica | British queen who tried to rebel against the Roman army |
| Odoacer | Germanic barbarian leader who ended the western Roman Empire in 476 and became the first barbarian ruler of Italy (434-493) |
| Hadrian | The Roman Empire in AD 117-138. He ordered the construction of this wall. He traveled though his empire to strengthen it's frontiers and encourage learning and architecture. |
| Gaul | an ancient region of western Europe that included what is now northern Italy and France and Belgium and part of Germany and the Netherlands |
| Diocletian | Roman emperor who was faced with military problems, when that happend he decided to divide the empire between himself in the east and maximian in the west. last persecution of the Christians |
| Constantine | Roman Emperor (4th century A.D.) who promoted tolerance to all religions in the Roman Empire and legalized Christianity |
| Pontius Pilate | the Roman governor of Jerusalem who ordered the execution of Jesus |
| tribune | In ancient Rome, an official elected by the plebeians to protect their rights. |
| Laws of the 12 Tables | 12 publicly displayed tablets that had listed the rights of the Ancient Roman citizens for all to see |
| Princeps | the emperor |
| Bread and Circus | events that provided free entertainment and food. lead to loss of lots of money |
| Edict of Milan | issued by Constantine in 313, ended the "great persecution" and legalized Christianity in the Roman Empire |
| Vespasian | the Roman General who crushed the revolt in Jerusalem in 70 A.D. and destroyed Solomon's Temple. consolidated Roman rule in Germany and Britain and reformed the army and brought prosperity to the empire |
| Titus | Succeeded his father, Vespasian (79-81 AD) |
| Abraham | Founder of Judaism who, according to the Bible, led his family from Ur to Canaan in obedience to God's command. |
| Moses | (Old Testament) the Hebrew prophet who led the Israelites from Egypt across the Red sea on a journey known as the Exodus |
| Torah | (Judaism) the scroll of parchment on which the first five books of the Hebrew Scripture is written |
| 10 Commandments | spoken from god to Moses, written on 2 stone tablets, basis laws of Israelites, examples= don't murder, don't steal another mans wife |
| Gospels | four books in the New Testament that tell the story of Christ's life and teachings |
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