Nur 263 - OB Skills Lab - Antepartal
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38 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 Amniocentesis | A procedure in which a needle is inserted through the abdominal and uterine walls into the amniotic fluid; fluid is withdrawn; used for assessment of fetal health and maturity. • Possible after 14 weeks • Performed to obtain amniotic fluid (which contain fetal cells) for the purpose of a biochemical assessment/analysis of the amniotic fluid. • Clinical significance: to evaluate for genetic disorders or congenital anomalies, assessment of pulmonary maturity, and diagnosis of fetal hemolytic disease |
| Amniocentesis | Procedure • Properly drape and position. • Have necessary supplies close by. Assist physician as well as woman. • Assist with positioning for ultrasonography, locating fetus, placenta, and pockets of amniotic fluid for sampling. • Once pocket is located and confirmed by physician, remove gel and prepare woman with antiseptic solution. • Prepare woman if physician determines to inject a small amount of . • On a tray have a 3 inch 20 gauge spinal needle and a 20 ml syringe ready for physician. |
| Amniocentesis | Procedure • Under direct ultrasonography visualization, physician inserts needle trans abdominally into uterus. The physician removes and discards 1 to 2 ml of amniotic fluid then obtains 20ml for analysis. • Amount withdrawn depends on gestational age and reason for testing. RN prepares sample and sends to lab • After procedure, give woman injection of Rh immunoglobulin if ordered to prevent sensitization (observe closely). • Reassess fetal heart rate while woman recovers for a couple of hours. |
| Amniocentesis | Complications • To Mother: hemorrhage, fetomaternal hemorrhage with possible maternal Rh isoimmunization, infection, labor, placental abruption, inadvertent damage to intestinal bladder • To Fetus: death, hemorrhage, infection, direct injury from needle, miscarriage or preterm labor, leakage of amniotic fluid. • Because of the possibility of fetomaternal hemorrhage, administering RhoD immune globulin to the woman who is Rh negative is standard practice after an amniocentesis. |
| Abortion | Termination of pregnancy before the fetus is viable and capable of ectrauterine existence, usually less than 20 weeks of gestation. (or when the fetus wheighs less than 500 grams) |
| Complete abortion | In which fetus and all related tissue have been expelled from uterus |
| Elective Abortion | Termination of pregnancy chosen by the woman that is not required for her physical safety |
| Habitual Abortion (recurrent) | Loss of 3 or more successive pregnancies for no known cause |
| Incomplete Abortion | Loss of pregnancy in which some but not all the products of conception have been expelled from the uterus |
| Induced Abortion | Purposeful interruption of a pregnancy before 20 weeks of gestation |
| Inevitable Abortion | Threatened loss of pregnancy that con not be prevented or stopped or is imminent |
| Missed Abortion | Loss of pregnancy in which the products of conception remain in the uterus after fetal death |
| Septic Abortion | Loss of pregnancy in which there is an infection in the products of conception and the uterine endometrial lining, usually resulting from attempted termination of early pregnancy |
| Spontaneous Abortion | A pregnancy that ends as a result of natural causes before 20 weeks of gestation; preferred term is miscarriage |
| Therapeutic Abortion | Pregnancy intentionally terminated related to medical reasons |
| Threatened Abortion | Possible loss of pregnancy, early symptoms present (i.e. cervix begins to dilate) |
| Amniocentesis | A procedure in which a needle is inserted through the abdominal and uterine walls into the amniotic fluid; fluid is withdrawn; used for assessment of fetal health and maturity. • Possible after 14 weeks |
| Nagele's rule | Method for calculating the estimated date of birth or "due date". • After determining the first day of the last menstrual period subtract 3 calendar months and add 7 days; • Or add 7days to the LMP and count forward 9 calendar months |
| NST- Non Stress Test | Evaluation of fetal response (fetal heart rate) to natural contractile uterine activity or to an increase in fetal activity. |
| EDC | Estimated date of confinement, , |
| EDD | Estimated date of delivery |
| EDB | Estimated Date of Birth |
| Fundus | Dome shaped upper portion of the uterus between the points of insertion of the uterine tubes |
| Gestation | Period of intrauterine fetal development from conception through birth; the period of pregnancy |
| Gravida | A woman who is pregnant |
| GTPAL | System for summarizing the womans obstetric history. • Acronym stands for Gavidity, Term, Preterm, Abortions, Living children. - Gravidity = number of pregnancies, - Term = number of deliveries after 37 completed weeks gestation', - Preterm = number of deliveries after 20 weeks but before 37 weeks gestation, - Abortion = number of pregnancies ending before 20 weeks, - Living children = number of currently living children |
| Leopold's Maneuvers | Four maneuvers for diagnosing the fetal position by external palpation of the mothers abdomen while lying on her back. • Prep: empty bladder, supine with one pillow under head and knees slightly flexed. - Small rolled towel right or left hip to displace uterus off major blood vessels (prevents supine hypotensive syndrome • Identifies: - Number of fetus's - Presenting part, fetal lie/attitude - Degree of (presenting parts) descent into pelvis - Expected location of the PMI of the FHR |
| Lightening | Sensation of decreased abdominal distention produced by uterine descent into the pelvic cavity as the fetal presenting part settles into the pelvis, • It usually occurs 2 weeks before the onset of labor in nulliparas. • After the woman breaths easier and feels less congested. • Usually bladder pressure results from the shift. • In multipara woman this may not occur until after contact ions start |
| LMP | Last menstrual period |
| Multigravida | A woman who has had 2 or more pregnancies |
| Nulligravida | A woman who has never been pregnant born |
| Para (parity) | Number of pregnancies ending after 20 weeks counted as para whether baby is born living or dead • Counts the pregnancy not the number of babies |
| Physiologic Anemia (Pseudoanemia) | A modest decrease in the hemoglobin concentration and hematocrit in pregnancy, caused by the relative excess of plasma |
| Primigravida | A woman who is pregnant for the first time |
| Quickening | Maternal perception of fetal movement (feeling of life) usually occurs between weeks 16 and 20 of gestation, but may be felt earlier by multiparous woman. |
| Stillbirth | The birth of a baby after 20 weeks of gestation and 1 day or weighing 350g (depending on the state code) that does not show any signs of life. |
| Supine Hypotension Syndrome (Shock) | Fall in blood pressure caused by impairedvenous return when gravida uterus presses on ascending vena cava, • Occurs when woman is lying flat on her back • Vena Cava Syndrome |
| Trimester | - one of three periods of about 3 months each into which pregnancy is divided |
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