| Term | Definition |
| apogee | the point at which the moon is farthest from the earth |
| perigee | point at which the moon is closest to the earth |
| crescent | phase when less than half the moon is visible |
| gibbous | phase when more than half the moon is visible |
| phases | changing shapes of the moon |
| lunar eclipse | passing of the moon through the earth's shadow |
| penumbra | light part of the shadow |
| umbra | dark part of a shadow |
| solar eclipse | passing of the moon between the earth and the sun |
| ebb tide | outgoing or falling tide |
| flood tide | incoming or rising tide |
| tide | daily change in the level of the earth's oceans |
| neap | tide that is not as high or as low as normal tides |
| spring tide | tide that is higherand lower than normal tide |