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acerbity bitterness of speech and temper; ADJ. acerbic: bitter; acrid (in taste, manner, or tone) acetic vinegary acidulous slightly sour (in taste or manner); sharp; caustic acme peak; pinnacle; highest point acrid bitter (to the taste or smell); sharp; bitterly pungent actuate motivate; activate; cause to act addle make or become confused; muddle; drive crazy; become rotten (egg) adjutant staff officer assisting the commander; assistant advert refer aegis shield; protection; defense n aerie(aery,eyrie,eyry) nest of a large bird of prey n agape openmouthed n agglomeration collection; heap; V. agglomerate: gather into a rounded mass; N. aggolmeate: jumbled mass; heap n agog highly excited; intensely curious n alcove nook; recess n alimony payments made regularly to an ex-spouse after divorce n allegory story, play, or picture in which characters are used as symbols; fable n aloft upward; high up in the air n aloof apart; not open in one's relationship with other people; reserved; ADV. n amalgam combination of different things; mixture of metals (containing mercury) used for filling holes in teeth n amalgamate (of societies or groups) combine; unite in one body n amass collect (gradually, in a very large amount) n ambrosia food of the gods n amiss wrong; faulty; Ex. something amiss; ADV. n amok(amuck) in a state of rage; Ex. run amok n amulet charm; talisman; an object worn believed to protect against evil, bad luck n analgesic causing insensitivity to pain; N. n anathema solemn curse; someone or something regarded as a curse; V. anathematize n animus hostile feeling or intent; animosity; hostility; disposition n anodyne drug that relieves pain or trouble; ÁøÅëÁ¦; opiate; ADJ. Ex. anodyne statement n anthem song of praise or patriotism; Ex. national anthem n antiquated obsolete; old-fashioned; outdated n anvil iron block used in hammering out metals n ape imitate or mimic (a person's behavior or manner) n apex tip; summit; climax; highest point n apiary a place where bees are kept n apocryphal (of a story) widely believed but untrue n apolitical having an aversion or lack of concern for political affairs n apologist one who writes in defense of a cause or institution; N. apologia n apoplexy stroke; loss of consciousness caused by too much blood in the brain n apostate one who abandons his religious faith or political beliefs; N. apostasy n apothecary druggist; pharmacist n apothegm(apophthegm) pithy, compact saying n apotheosis elevation to godhood; an ideal example of something n appellation name; title n application diligent attention; diligence; V. apply oneself n apprehensive fearful; discerning n appurtenances subordinate possessions; something added to a more important thing n apropos with reference to; regarding; Ex. remarks apropos (of) the present situation; ADJ. ADV. n aquiline curved; hooked; of or like an eagle; Ex. aquiline nose n arable fit for growing crops; Ex. arable land n arboretum place where different trees and shrubs are studied and exhibited n archetype prototype; primitive pattern n argot slang; speech spoken by only a small group of people n array marshal; draw up in order; arrange in order; clothe splendidly; adorn; N: fine clothes; ordered group; Ex. in battle array n arrhythmic lacking rhythm or regularity; N. arrhythmia n arroyo gully; narrow channel formed by rainwater n artifice deception; trickery n artless without guile; open and honest n ashen ash-colored; deadly pale n askance with a sideways or indirect look (with disapproval or distruct); Ex. look askance at n askew crookedly; slanted; at an angle n assay analyze (to discover what materials are present); evaluate (soil or ore) n asunder into parts; apart; V. sunder n atavism resemblance to remote ancestors rather than to parents; reversion to an earlier type; throwback; ADJ. atavistic n augury omen; prophecy; sign of coming events; V. augur: predict; foretell; be a sign of (something in future) n aureole sun's corona; halo; bright circle of light n auroral pertaining to the aurora borealis; CF. aurora australis n awl pointed tool used for piercing n awry distorted; crooked; bent; Ex. Our plans have gone awry. n babble chatter idly or foolishly; make continuous sounds like water running gently over rounded stone; N. n bacchanalian drunken n badger pester; annoy continually with demands; persuade by asking again and again; Ex. The children badgered me into taking them into the cinema; N: a kind of mountain animal n badinage teasing conversation; banter; joking talk n bait harass; tease; torment; Ex. badger baiting; N: food or other lure used to catch fish or trap animals n baleful evil; malignant in intent or effect; deadly; having a malign influence; portending evil; ominous; threatening; Ex. baleful look n balk stop short, as if faced with an obstacle, and refuse to continue; foil; stop or get in the way of; frustrate n ballast heavy substance used to add stability or weight; V. supply with ballast n balm something that relieves pain; oily liquid with a pleasant smell from trees n balmy soft and mild (of air); fragrant n bandy discuss lightly or glibly; discuss in a frivolous manner; exchange (words) heatedly; quarrel; Ex. bandy words with n bard poet n barefaced shameless and noticeable; blatant; bold; unconcealed; having no covering on the face; Ex. barefaced lie n baroque highly ornate n bask luxuriate; take pleasure in warmth n bastion stronghold; something seen as a source of protection; Ex. the last bastion of male chauvinism n bate let down; lessen the force of; moderate; restrain; Ex. with bated breath; CF. abate n bauble trinket; cheap jewel; trifle n bawdy indecent; obscene; about sex in a rude funny way; CF. bawd n beatific giving or showing bliss; blissful n beatitude blessedness; state of great happiness n bedizen dress with vulgar finery n bedraggle wet thoroughly; ADJ. bedraggled: draggled n beeline direct quick route n befuddle confuse thoroughly n begrudge envy; give or allow unwillingly; grudge; Ex. We shouldn't begrudge him his success. n beguile deceive; mislead or delude; cheat; pass time pleasantly; charm or attract; Ex. beguiling smile n behemoth huge creature; something of monstrous size or power n beholden obligated; indebted; owing thanks; obliged or indebted from gratitude n behoove(behove) be suited to; be incumbent upon; be right and necessary; Ex. It behooves one to do. n belabor harp on; dwell on tediously; explain or go over excessively or to a ridiculous degree; assail verbally; beat severely; attack physically n beleaguer besiege or attack (with an army); harass; beset n belie contradict; give a false impression; disguise; Ex. The poor sales belied our high hopes; Ex. Her smile belies her true feeling of displeasure. n bemoan lament; moan for; express sorrow or disapproval of n bemused confused; lost in thought; preoccupied n berate scold strongly n bereaved deprived of (someone beloved through death) n bereavement state of being deprived of something valuable or beloved; state of being bereaved or bereft n bereft deprived of (something valuable); lacking n beset harass or trouble from all directions; hem in n besmirch soil; defile; make dirty n bestial beastlike; brutal; inhuman; very cruel n betoken signify; indicate; be a sign of n bevy large group; Ex. a bevy of starlets n bifurcated divided into two branches; forked n bigotry stubborn intolerance n bilious suffering from indigestion; sick from having too much bile; irritable; easily irritated n bilk swindle; cheat n billowing swelling out in waves; surging n bivouac temporary encampment; camp without tents; V. n blanch bleach; whiten; make white or pale n bland soothing or mild (food); agreeable; causing no trouble or offence n blandishment flattery n blare loud or harsh roar or screech; dazzling blaze of light n blas\'e bored with pleasure or dissipation; uninterested or bored n blighted suffering from a disease; destroyed n blithe(blithesome) gay; joyous n bloated (unpleasantly) swollen or puffed as with water or air n blowhard talkative boaster; braggart n bludgeon club; heavy-headed weapon; V. n bluff pretense (of strength); deception; high cliff; ADJ: rough but good-natured n bluster blow in heavy gusts; threaten emptily; bully; speak in a noisy or bullying manner; CF. breeze, gust, gale n bohemian unconventional (in an artistic way) n bolster support; reinforce n bolt door bar; fastening pin or screw; length of fabric; large roll of cloth; V: dash or dart off; fasten (a door); gobble down n bombardment attack (as with missiles or bombs); V. bombard n bombastic pompous; using inflated language n boon blessing; benefit; something very helpful n boorish rude; insensitive n bouillon clear beef (or meat) soup n bowdlerize expurgate; CF. Thomas Bowdler n brackish somewhat saline n braggadocio boasting n braggart boaster; bragger n brandish wave around (a weapon); flourish n bravado swagger; assumed air of defiance; false show of bravery n brawn human muscle; muscular strength; sturdiness n brazen insolent; without shame; bold; Ex. brazen lie; V: face with bold self-assurance or with unshamed confidence n breach breaking of contract or duty; fissure or gap; opening; V. n brindled tawny or grayish with streaks or spots (of animals) n bristling rising like bristles; showing irritation n brittle hard but easily broken; difficult; unstable; Ex. brittle situation n broach introduce as a subject; moot; open up n brocade rich, figured(patterned) fabric n brooch ornamental clasp; pin n brook tolerate; endure; Ex. brook no interference; N: small stream n browbeat bully; intimidate n brunt main impact or shock (of an attack or blow); Ex. brunt of the argument n buccaneer pirate n bucolic rustic; pastoral n buffet strike forcefully; slap; batter; knock out; N: table with food set out for people to server themselves; meal at which people help themselves to food that's been set n buffoonery clowning n bugaboo bugbear; object of baseless terror n bullion gold and silver in the form of bars n bulwark strong wall built for defense; earthwork or other strong defense; person who defends n bungle mismanage; blunder; botch; blow; spoil by clumsy behavior n burgeon grow rapidly; grow forth; send out buds; Ex. burgeoning computer industry; CF. bludgeon n burlesque give an imitation that ridicules; imitate mockingly n burnish make shiny by rubbing; polish n buttress support; prop up; N. stationary structure to support wall; Ex. flying buttress n cabal small group of persons secretly united to promote their own interests n cadence rhythmic rise and fall (of words or sounds); beat; regular beat of sound; rhythm n cajole persuade by praise or false promise; coax; wheedle n caldron(cauldron) large kettle n caliber ability; quality; diameter of the inside of a round cylinder; Ex. work of very high caliber n callous hardened; unfeeling; without sympathy for the sufferings of others; unkind n callow youthful; immature; inexperienced n calorific heat-producing; N. calorie n camaraderie good-fellowship; CF. comrade n cameo shell or jewel carved in relief; star's special appearance in a minor role in a film n canard unfounded false rumor; exaggerated false report n canker any ulcerous sore; ulcer; any evil; CF. cancer n canny shrewd in money matters; thrifty n cant insincere speech or expression of piety; jargon of thieves; special words used by a particular group of people n cantata story set to music to be sung by a chorus (shorter than an oratorio) n canter slow gallop; V. CF. trot n canto division of a long poem n canvass determine or seek opinions, votes, etc.; go through (a region) to solicit votes or orders; conduct a survey; N. n capacity mental or physical ability; role; position or duty; ability to accommodate; Ex. in my capacity as president n capillary having a very fine bore; resembling a hair; fine and slender; Ex. capillary attraction; N: very fine hairlike tube; CF. capillarity n captious faultfinding; too critical n carapace shell covering the back (of a turtle, tortoise, crab, etc.) n cardinal chief; most important; N: priest; cardinal number: number that shows quantity rather thatn order n careen lurch; sway from side to side; move with irregular swinging movement; stagger n carousal drunken revel; V. carouse n carping petty criticism; fault-finding; fretful complaining; quibble n carrion rotting flesh of a dead body; CF. vulture n cartographer map-maker n cataclysm deluge; upheaval; earthquake; violent and sudden event or change n cataract great waterfall; eye abnormality (causing a gradual loss of eyesight) n catcall shout of disapproval or displeasure (made at the theater or a sports match); boo; V. n catechism book for religious instruction in question-and-answer form; religious instruction by question and answer; V. catechize n catholic (of likings and interests) universal; general; broad; including many different parts; wide-ranging liberal; Ex. catholic opinions/tastes n caucus private meeting of a group of people in a political party to select officers or determine policy; CF. the Caucus club of Boston n caulk(calk) make watertight (by blocking up cracks as in a ship) n cauterize burn (a wound or snakebite, etc.) with hot iron or caustic substance to stop bleeding and prevent infection n cavalcade procession of riders or horse-drawn carriages; parade; CF. cavalry n cavalier casual and offhand; arrogant; N: knight n cavil quibble; make frivolous objections; find fault unnecessarily n cede yield (title or territory) to (esp. after losing a war); surrender formally; N. cession n censorious severely critical n ceremonious marked by formality; extremely formal and polite; CF. ceremony: conventional social courtesy n certitude certainty n cession yielding to another; ceding n chafe warm by rubbing; make sore by rubbing; N. n chaff worthless products of an endeavor; husk(outer seed cover) separated from grain; Ex. separate the wheat from the chaff n chaffing bantering; joking n chagrin annoyance and disappointment; vexation (caused by humiliation or injured pride) n chalice goblet; consecrated cup n chary cautious; unwilling to take risks; sparing or restrained about giving; OP. bold n chase ornament a metal surface by indenting; follow rapidly to catch n chassis framework and working parts of an automobile; framework to which components are attached n chasten discipline; punish in order to correct; CF. castigate n chastise punish as by beating; criticize severely n checkered(chequered) marked by great changes in fortune; with many changes of fortuene; CF. checked: having a pattern of squares n chicanery trickery; deception n chide scold; rebuke (someone who has done wrong) n chimerical fantastically improbable; highly unrealistic; N. chimera: unreal fancy; fire-breathing female creature n chisel swindle or cheat; N: wedgelike tool for cutting n choleric hot-tempered; bad-tempered; irritable; easily angered; CF. cholera n churlish boorish; rude; N. churl: boor; yahoo n ciliated having minute hairs; CF. cilium; CF. cilia: eyelash n circumspect prudent; cautious; acting after careful thought n cistern reservoir or water tank n clamber climb by crawling with difficulties; scramble n clangor loud resounding noise; sound of repeated clanging n clapper striker (tongue) of a bell n clarion shrill, trumpetlike sound; kind of trumpet used in former times n clavicle collarbone n cleft N: split n clemency disposition to be lenient in deciding punishments; mildness as of the weather; ADJ. clement n clientele body of customers n clime climate n coagulate congeal; thicken; clot; N. coagulant n coda concluding section of a musical or literary composition n coddle treat gently; indulge excessively; pamper; mollycoddle; baby; cook in water just below boiling point; Ex. coddled eggs n codicil supplement to the body of a will; later addition to a will n coeval living at the same time as; existing during the same period of time; contemporary; of the same age n cog tooth projecting from a wheel n cohorts group of people who share some common quality; armed band; a group of between 300 and 600 soldiers under one commander (in the ancient Rome) n collage work of art put together from fragments n collation a light meal; collating n comeuppance deserts; well-deserved punishment or misfortune; rebuke n comity courtesy; civility; Ex. comity of nations n communal held in common; public; of a group of people; of a commune n comport bear one's self; behave; Ex. comport oneself; N. comportment n compromise adjust or settle by making mutual concessions; endanger the interests or reputation of; put into danger, disrepute, or a dishonorable position; Ex. compromise one's principle; N. n concerted mutually agreed on; done together by agreement; Ex. concerted effort; CF. in concert: working together n conclave private secret meeting n confidant(confidante) trusted friend (to whom one tells one's secret) n confound confuse; puzzle n conifer pine tree (usu. evergreen); cone-bearing tree; ADJ. coniferous; CF. deciduous; CF. evergreen n continence self-restraint; sexual chastity; sexual abstinence; voluntary control over bladder and bowel functions; ADJ. continent n contingent dependent on something uncertain or in the future; conditional; happening by chance; accidental; N: a group of soldiers, ships to a larger force; CF. contingency: future event that may or may not occur; possibility; Ex. prepare for every contingency n contraband illegal trade; smuggling; smuggled goods; ADJ. n contravene contradict; oppose; violate (a rule, law, or custom); N. contravention n contrived unnatural and forced; artificial; not spontaneous; Ex. The ending was rather contrived. n coquette flirt; flirtatious woman; woman who tries to attract the admiration of men without sincere feelings; V. n cordon extended line of men or fortifications to prevent access or egress; (¾î±ú¿¡¼ °Üµå¶û ¹ØÀ¸·Î °ÉÄ¡´Â) Àå½Ä ¸®º»; V. n cornice projecting molding on building (usually above columns or pillars); ó¸¶ Àå½Ä n cornucopia horn (or horn-shaped container) overflowing with fruit and grain; symbol of abundance; horn of plenty n corporeal bodily (rather than spiritual); of a bodily form; material; tangible n coterie group that meets socially; select circle; close group of people with shared interests n countermand cancel; revoke (an order) n coup highly successful action or sudden attack; coup(s) d'\'etat; CF. coup de gr\^ace: deathblow or shot which kills n courier messenger n covenant binding agreement between two groups or people; compact; V: enter into a covenant; promise n covetous avaricious; desirous of (someone else's possessions); V. covet: desire eagerly (someone else's possessions) n cow terrorize; intimidate n cower shrink quivering as from fear; cringe n cozen cheat; hoodwink; swindle n crabbed sour; bad-tempered; peevish; difficult to read as handwriting n crass very unrefined; grossly insensible; crude and undiscriminating; Ex. crass behavior n credo creed n crevice crack; fissure n crone hag; ugly old woman n crux essential or main point; Ex. the crux of the problem; ADJ. crucial: of deciding importance n cull pick out from others (to kill the weakest members); reject; select; collect (information); N. n culvert artificial channel for water; drain crossing under a road n cynosure object of general attention; person or thing that is a center of attention; CF. Ursa Minor n d\'ecollet\'e (of a dress) having a low-cut neckline; CF. d\'ecolletage: low neckline (on a dress) n dais raised platform for speakers or other important people n dally trifle with; toy with; treat without the necessary seriousness; procrastinate; waste time n dank damp; unpleasantly wet n dapper neat and trim (in appearance); (of small men) neat in appearance and quick in movements; neat; spry n dappled spotted n daub smear (as with paint); cover with something sticky; Ex. daub one's clothes with mud/paint; N: small bit of sticky substance; Ex. a daub of paint n debauch corrupt morally; seduce from virtue; N. debauchery: wild behavior (with sex and alcohol) n debonair (of men) friendly, charming, and fashionably dressed; aiming to please; CF. of good disposition n debunk expose as false, exaggerated, worthless, etc.; ridicule n deciduous falling off at a specific season or stage of growth as of leaves; Ex. deciduous tree/teeth n declivity downward slope n decry express strong disapproval of; condemn openly (something dangerous to the public); disparage; Ex. decry the violence of modern films n defeatist resigned to defeat or failure; accepting defeat or failure as a natural outcome; N. CF. defeatism n defoliate destroy leaves; deprive of leaves (by the use of chemicals); N. defoliant n defray provide for the payment of; undertake the payment of; pay n defrock strip a priest or minister of church authority; unfrock n deign condescend; stoop n demoniac(demoniacal) fiendish; cruel; N. demon: evil supernatural being; devil n demotic of or pertaining to the people n demur object (because of doubts, scruples); raise an objection (showing qualms); hesitate; Ex. demur at the idea of working on Sunday n descry catch sight of (something distant) n desperado reckless, desperate outlaw n determinate having a fixed order of procedure; precisely defined; invariable; fixed; conclusive; final n devious roundabout; erratic; deviating from the straight course; not straightforward; not completely honest; Ex. devious route n devolve deputize; pass or be passed to others (power, work, or property); Ex. devolve on/upon/to n diadem crown n dictum authoritative and weighty statement (made by a judge in court); saying; maxim; CF. obiter dictum: incidental, nonbinding remark (something said in passing) n didactic (of speech or writing) intended to teach a moral lesson; teaching; instructional; N. didacticism n die metal block used for shaping metal or plastic; device for stamping or impressing; mold; CF. dice n diffuse wordy; verbose; rambling; spread out (like a gas); V: spread out in all directions; disperse; N. diffusion; CF. suffuse n dilettante aimless follower of an art or a field of knowledge (not taking it seriously); amateur; dabbler; CF. delight n dinghy small boat (often ship's boat) n dingy (of things and place) dirty and dull; Ex. dingy street/curtain n dint means; effort; Ex. by dint of hard work n diorama life-size, three-dimensional scene from nature or history; three-dimensional scene with modeled figures against a painted background n dirge funeral song; slow mournful piece of music (sung over a dead person)