| Term | Definition |
|---|
| Lymphatic Pathways | tiny tubes merger to form larger lymphatic vessels |
| Lymphatic Capillaries | micrscopic, closed-ended tubes which extend to interstitial spaces forming complex networks |
| Lymph | fluid composed of cells, biochemicals, proteins, macrophages, nutrients, white blood cells, interstital fluid |
| Lymphatic Vessels | thinner then regular veins and have valves that help prevent backflow of lymph |
| Lymph nodes | organs that aid in filtering out foreign objects in the lymph they are in the neck, armpits, groin, abdominals, and genitals |
| Lymphatic trunk | center of where the vessels merge and drain lymph |
| Collecting Ducts | Thoracic Duct and Right Lymphatic Duct |
| Thoracic Duct | Larger and Longer collecting duct which recieves lymph from the lower limbs, abdominal region, left upper limb, and left side of the throax, head, neck and empties into the left subclavian vein and then the superior vena cava |
| Right Lymphatic Duct | collects lymph from the right side of the head and neck, right upper limb, and right thorax and empties into the right subclavian vein and the superio vena cava |
| Lymphocytes | cells that fight off invading microorganisms |
| Macrophages | Other cells that fight off invading microorganisms |
| Hilum | where the efferent vessels exit the node |
| Lymph Nodules | Capsule of connective tissue encloses each lymph node and subdivides it in to compartments of dense masses of lymphocytes and macrophages |
| Lymph Sinuses | provide a complex netowrk of chambers and channels through which lymph circulates (macrophages usually resided here) |
| Thymus | soft bilobed strucutre encolsed in a connective tissue capsule located in the anterior of the aorta and posterior to the upper part of the sternum |
| T Cells (Thymocytes) | Mature cells which leave the thymus and provide immunity |
| Spleen | largest lymphatic organ upper left portion of the abdominal caivty inferior to diaphragm and posterior and lateral to teh stomach which contains blood and filters lymph |
| Pathogen | disease causing agent |
| Innate (nonspecific) Defense | mechanisms general response to protect against many types of pathogens |
| adaptive (specific) Defense | Mechanisms that target certain pathogens |
| Species resistance | a specifc organism develops a set of diseases that is unique to only them |
| Mechanical barriers | prevent entry of infectious agents |
| Chemical barrier | enzymes in body fluids that stop pathogens |
| Interferons | lymphocytes and fibroblasts that produce hormonelike peptides that respond to viruses and tumor cells |
| Fever | Reduces iron in the blood of which the bacteria need to feed |
| Inflammation | tissue response to injury or infection by walling of the site of infection with blood vessels and capillary |
| Antibodies | attack non-self antigens and activate proteins |
| Antigens | a chemical that stimulate B lymphocytes and their identification is on the surface of cells |
| Immunity | resistance to disease |
| Allergic reaction | is a harmful reaction to a non-harmful susbtance |
| Vaccine | artifically accquired immunity |
| HIV | Human Immunodeficiency Virus which destroys white blood cells CD4 cells |
| Infection | is a result of a pathogen entering the body |
| Hapten | a small molecule that tries to stimulate an immune response, may combine with a larger molecule if it is unable to stimulate a immune response by itself |
| B cells | lymphocytes that remain in the red bone marrow and mature in there |
| Celluar Immune Respone | Cell-mediate immunity is when T cells attach to foregin antigen bearing cells and interact through cell to cell contact |
| Plasma cells | are B cells that are stimulated and they produce antibodies |
| Antibodies | large globular proteins known secreted from plasma cells |
| Immunoglobulins | another name for antibodies |
| Humoral Immune Response | Antibody-mediated immune response in which body fluids carry antibodies which destroy specific antigens or antigens bearing particles |
| Complement | group of proteins in plasma and other body fluids |
| Primary Immune Response | activation of B cells or T cfells after first encountering the antigens |
| Secondary immune Response | memory B cells along with the memory T cells |
| Naturally Acquired Active Immunity | a person exposed to a pathogen develops a disease |
| Artifically Acquired Active Immunity | a vaccine |
| Artifically acquired passive immunity | antibodies may be obtained from gamma globulin separated from the plasma |
| Naturally acquired passive immunity | (fetus) antibodies (IgG) pass from the maternal blood into the fetal bloodstream |
| Allergens | antigens that trigger allergic responses |
| Tissue Rejections | when the recipient's immune system recognize the donor's cell surfaces as forgein and attempt to destroy the transplanted tissue |
| Autoantibodies | immune system fails to distinguish self from non-self cytotoxic T cells tha attack and damage the body's tissues and organs |
| autoimmunity | attack against self |
Combine with other sets
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