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Forensic Science The study and application of science to matters of law Criminalistics The scientific examination of physical evidence for legal purposes Criminology includes the psychological angle, studying the crime scene for motive, traits, and behavior that will help to interpret the evidence Basic Services offered in crime lab physical science unit, biology unit, firearms unit, document examination unit, photography unit Optional Services in a crime lab Toxicology unit, latent fingerprint unit, polygraph unit, evidence collection unit, voiceprint analysis unit Forensic Pathology Investigation of sudden, unexplained, or violent death Forensic Anthropology Specializes in human skeletal system Forensic Entomology The study of insects as related to the time of death Forensic Odontology examination of bite marks and dental idenitification of corpses Who established the first crime lab? Edmund Locard Locard Exchange Principle Whenever two objects come into contact with each other, traces of each are exchanged Ted Bundy 1979- bite mark evidence was a key in convicting him Borkenstein invented the breathalyzer Marie Lafarge 1840- convicted by the use of the Marsh test, of poisoning her husband with arsenic Edward Henry 1896- developed the first classification system for fingerprint identification Leeuwenhoek Constructed the first high powered microscope in 1670 Sam Sheppard his murder trial publicized blood spatter evidence Watson and Crick discovered the double helix structure of DNA in 1953 Landsteiner 1900- he identified human blood groups and recieved a nobel prize for in in 1930 Harry Jackson 1902- he was the first Englishman to be convicted solely on the basis of fingerprints Ballistics the science that deals with the motion, behavior and effects of projectiles Miranda v. Arizona the court ruled that suspect must be informed of rights before questioning Felony Major offense, punishable by 1 year to life in prison In order to find someone guilty in a court of law, one must prove the person had... means, motive, and opportunity For evidence to be admissible, it must be.. probative and material Dobeir standard established in 1993 in response to rapidly changing technology five components of the scientific method as pertaining to criminalistics analyze the scene, form a hypothesis, perform experiments, determine signifigance of evidence, formulate theory Top reasons for committing a crime money, revenge, emotion Potential sources of evidence at a crime scene body, primary crime scene, secondary crime scene, suspect Correct collection of evidence requires documenting location of evidence, correct packaging, maintaining proper chain of custody First priority of first officer on the scene get medical assistance for anyone who is injured The responsibilities of the first officer on the scene Asses the scene, detain witnesses, arrest perpetrator, protect crime scene, take notes Crime scene investigation involves recognition, identification, individualization, reconstruction What kind of evidence may require a GSR kit? firearm evidence A medical examiner must: identify the deceased, establish time of death, determine cause of death chain of custody maintaining a written record of all people who have possession of an item of evidence grid method a double-line search; considered the most thourough system for covering larger areas with a number of searchers Spiral method best used where there are no physical barriers, searcher begins at the center and moves in circular path Line/ Strip method best in large, outdoor scences; searchers line up and walk parallel to one another Wheel/ray method best on small, circular crime scenes, the searchers gather at the center and move in in spokes zone method most effective in houses or buildings; teams are assigned small areas for searching True of false: it is acceptable to mix different fibers in the same container False True or false: all crime scene sketches must be to scale True