Forensic Science Exam Review
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Created by:
angelaluvsulots on January 15, 2010
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43 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 Forensic Science | The study and application of science to matters of law |
| Criminalistics | The scientific examination of physical evidence for legal purposes |
| Criminology | includes the psychological angle, studying the crime scene for motive, traits, and behavior that will help to interpret the evidence |
| Basic Services offered in crime lab | physical science unit, biology unit, firearms unit, document examination unit, photography unit |
| Optional Services in a crime lab | Toxicology unit, latent fingerprint unit, polygraph unit, evidence collection unit, voiceprint analysis unit |
| Forensic Pathology | Investigation of sudden, unexplained, or violent death |
| Forensic Anthropology | Specializes in human skeletal system |
| Forensic Entomology | The study of insects as related to the time of death |
| Forensic Odontology | examination of bite marks and dental idenitification of corpses |
| Who established the first crime lab? | Edmund Locard |
| Locard Exchange Principle | Whenever two objects come into contact with each other, traces of each are exchanged |
| Ted Bundy | 1979- bite mark evidence was a key in convicting him |
| Borkenstein | invented the breathalyzer |
| Marie Lafarge | 1840- convicted by the use of the Marsh test, of poisoning her husband with arsenic |
| Edward Henry | 1896- developed the first classification system for fingerprint identification |
| Leeuwenhoek | Constructed the first high powered microscope in 1670 |
| Sam Sheppard | his murder trial publicized blood spatter evidence |
| Watson and Crick | discovered the double helix structure of DNA in 1953 |
| Landsteiner | 1900- he identified human blood groups and recieved a nobel prize for in in 1930 |
| Harry Jackson | 1902- he was the first Englishman to be convicted solely on the basis of fingerprints |
| Ballistics | the science that deals with the motion, behavior and effects of projectiles |
| Miranda v. Arizona | the court ruled that suspect must be informed of rights before questioning |
| Felony | Major offense, punishable by 1 year to life in prison |
| In order to find someone guilty in a court of law, one must prove the person had... | means, motive, and opportunity |
| For evidence to be admissible, it must be.. | probative and material |
| Dobeir standard | established in 1993 in response to rapidly changing technology |
| five components of the scientific method as pertaining to criminalistics | analyze the scene, form a hypothesis, perform experiments, determine signifigance of evidence, formulate theory |
| Top reasons for committing a crime | money, revenge, emotion |
| Potential sources of evidence at a crime scene | body, primary crime scene, secondary crime scene, suspect |
| Correct collection of evidence requires | documenting location of evidence, correct packaging, maintaining proper chain of custody |
| First priority of first officer on the scene | get medical assistance for anyone who is injured |
| The responsibilities of the first officer on the scene | Asses the scene, detain witnesses, arrest perpetrator, protect crime scene, take notes |
| Crime scene investigation involves | recognition, identification, individualization, reconstruction |
| What kind of evidence may require a GSR kit? | firearm evidence |
| A medical examiner must: | identify the deceased, establish time of death, determine cause of death |
| chain of custody | maintaining a written record of all people who have possession of an item of evidence |
| grid method | a double-line search; considered the most thourough system for covering larger areas with a number of searchers |
| Spiral method | best used where there are no physical barriers, searcher begins at the center and moves in circular path |
| Line/ Strip method | best in large, outdoor scences; searchers line up and walk parallel to one another |
| Wheel/ray method | best on small, circular crime scenes, the searchers gather at the center and move in in spokes |
| zone method | most effective in houses or buildings; teams are assigned small areas for searching |
| True of false: it is acceptable to mix different fibers in the same container | False |
| True or false: all crime scene sketches must be to scale | True |
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