Biology Final
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49 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 Scientific Method | a method of investigation involving observation and theory to test scientific hypotheses |
| Unicellular | having or consisting of a single cell |
| Multicellular | consisting of many cells |
| Homeostasis | process by which organisms maintain a relatively stable internal environment |
| Compound Light Microscope | instrument that uses light and a series of lenses to magnify objects in steps; can magnify an object up to 1500 times its original size |
| Physical Properties of Matter | properties you can observe without changing a substance into a new substance such as color, shape, and size |
| Chemical Properties of Matter | characteristics that can not be observed without altering the identity of the substance such as reactivity and flammability |
| Phases of Matter | solid, liquid, and gas |
| Atoms | the smallest unit of matter that has the characteristics of an element; consists of three main types of subatomic particles: protons neutrons and electrons |
| Molecules | The smallest particle of a substance that retains the chemical and physical properties of the substance and is composed of two or more atoms; a group of like or different atoms held together by chemical forces |
| Elements | a molecule composed of one kind of atom; cannot be broken into simpler units by chemical reactions |
| Compounds | substances formed by the joining of elements through chemical bonding |
| Atomic Number | the number of protons in the nucleus of an atom |
| Mass Number | the sum of the number of neutrons and protons in an atomic nucleus |
| Atomic Mass | the mass of an isotope of an element |
| Isotopes | atoms of the same element that differ in the number of neutrons they contain |
| Radioactive Isotopes | Atoms that are unstable, meaning they decay, or break down, to form stable atoms of a different element |
| Ionic Bonds | the electrostatic attraction that binds oppositely charged ions together |
| Covalent Bonds | a type of strong chemical bond in which two atoms share one pair of valence electrons |
| Reactants | the elements or compounds that enter into a chemical reaction |
| Products | the elements or compounds produced by a chemical reaction |
| pH | a value that indicated the acidity or alkalinity of a solution on a scale of 0-14, based on the proportion of H+ ions |
| Acid | substance that realeases hydrogen(+) ions and produces hydronium ions when dissolved in water; has a pH lower than 7.0 |
| Base | a substance that accepts H(+) ions and produces hydroxide ions when dissolved in water; has a pH above 7.0 |
| Suspension | heterogeneous mixture containing a liquid in which visible particles settle |
| Solution | a homogeneous mixture of two or more substances in which the molecules of the substances are evenly distributed |
| Inorganic Compounds | compounds that do not contain carbon |
| Organic Compounds | compounds that contain carbon |
| Monomer | a simple compound whose molecules can join together to form polymers |
| Polymer | large compound formed from combinations of many monomers, a naturally occurring or synthetic compound consisting of large molecules made up of a linked series of repeated simple monomers |
| Macromolecule | any very large complex molecule |
| Dehydration | reaction that builds larger molecules from smaller ones by removing water molecules |
| Hydrolysis | a chemical reaction in which water reacts with a compound to produce other compounds |
| Saturated Lipids | animal fats, a straight chain of molecules |
| Unsaturated Lipids | come from plants, the molecules bend where there is a double bond |
| Enzymes | molecules, usually proteins or nucleic acids, that act as catalysts in biochemical reactions |
| Nucleic Acids | very long organic compounds made up of carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, and phosphurous, contain instructions that cells need to carry out all the functions of life |
| Plant Cells | 1) have cell wall 2) have chlorophyll/chloroplasts 3) large central vacuole |
| Animal Cells | 1) lacks cell wall 2) lacks chloroplasts 3) lacks large central vacuole |
| Osmosis | diffusion of molecules through a semipermeable membrane from a place of higher concentration to a place of lower concentration until the concentration on both sides is equal |
| Photosynthesis | process by which plants and some other organisms use light energy to convert water and carbon dioxide into oxygen and high-energy carbohydrates such as sugars and starches |
| Respiration | the metabolic processes whereby certain organisms obtain energy from organic molecules |
| DNA | a long linear polymer found in the nucleus of a cell and formed from nucleotides and shaped like a double helix |
| RNA | a long linear polymer of nucleotides found in the nucleus but mainly in the cytoplasm of a cell where it is associated with microsomes |
| Mitosis | cell division in which the nucleus divides into nuclei containing the same number of chromosomes |
| Cytokinesis | organic process consisting of the division of the cytoplasm of a cell following karyokinesis bringing about the separation into two daughter cells |
| Cell Cycle | the regular sequence of growth and division that cells undergo |
| Cell Division | the process in reproduction and growth by which a cell divides to form daughter cells |
| Meiosis | cell division that produces reproductive cells in sexually reproducing organisms |
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