ONE 1 sensory and motor tracts
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39 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 foramen magnum and ends at L2 | spinal cord starts at and ends at |
| tracts, fasciculi, peduncles, leminiscus | bundle of nerves in CNS are known as |
| femoral, sciatic | outside CNS a bundle of nerves are called by the nerve name |
| 31 spinal and 12 cranial | there are how many pairs of spinal nerves and how many cranial nerves |
| cervical, thoracic, lumbar, sacral | within the lateral columns of the white mater the tracts are arranged in this order (medial to lateral) |
| poster, anterior, and lateral | how many columns is the white mater divided into |
| myelinated axon fibers that are either ascending (sensory) or descending (motor) | white mater consists of |
| sensory | the posterior column carries mostly what type of nerves? |
| ascending tracts: 1) fasciculus gracilis carries sensory info from lower body, 2) fasciculus cuneatus carries sensory info from the upper body. BOTH carry info on vibratory, proprioception, 2 pt discrimination, light touch and stereognosis | the posterior column consists of two tracts |
| the ability to know exactly and at all times where the body parts are in space and relation to each other | proprioception is |
| sensory info enters the posterior horn and enters the posterior column on the same side and ascends on the same side in the spinal cord until it reaches brain stem, then they cross over at the medulla oblongata and terminate at the thalamus (crossover is known as medial leminiscus) | describe the path of the posterior columns |
| ipsilaterally | lesions in the spinal cord would result in loss of conscious proprioception, 2 point discrimination, vibration sense and stereognosis on what side of the body |
| contralaterally | lesions in the cerebral cortex would result in loss of conscious proprioception, 2 point discrimination, vibration sense and stereognosis on what side of the body |
| 2 ascending tracts: dorsal & ventral spinocerebellar tract: carry reflexive and proprioceptive and lateral spinothalamic tract: carries pain and temp | lateral columns consist of |
| it immediately crosses over after entering the dorsal root of the spinal cord. then it goes up the lateral column and ascends to thalamus | the lateral spinothalamic tract's path is |
| contralaterally | lesions of the spinal cord and brain stem will result in loss of pain and temperature sensation on which side of the body below the level of the lesion? |
| dorsal and ventral cerebellar tract | unconscious proprioception is carried by the |
| never. | when do the dorsal and ventral spinocerebellar tracts cross over? |
| ipsilaterally | a lesion in the cerebellum or spinal cord would cause loss of unconscious proprioception |
| motor tracts | ascending column carries mostly |
| ventral spinothalamic and carries light touch | ascending tracts in anterior column are known as what and carry what |
| ventral corticospinal tract and carries motor | descending tracts in anterior column are known as what and carry what |
| ventral spinothalamic (ascending) and the posterior columns (fasciculus gracilis and cuneatus), therefore light touch is usually spared in a unilateral spinal cord lesion due to the alternate routes | which columns carry light touch |
| crosses over imediately or after ascending 1 or 2 segments | the ventral spinothalamic tract path |
| lateral corticospinal tract (90%) | which motor tract carries the majority of nerve fibers |
| crosses over at the brain stem | what's the path of the lateral corticospinal tract |
| never crosses over | whats the path of the ventral corticospinal tract |
| contralaterally | lesions of the cortex would affect body motor functions on what side of the body |
| ipsilaterally | lesions of the spinal cord would affect body motor functions |
| dermatomes | the fibers of each dorsal root form a fairly well circumscribed area of skin known as |
| upper motor neuron | a motor signal originates in the motor cortex as a BLANK and descends into the brain stem |
| cerebral cortex to the spinal cord | Upper motor neuron lesions usually occur anywhere from the blank to the anterior horn of the blank |
| anterior horn of spinal cord to end muscle | Lower motor neurons are peripheral nerves and lesions can occur anywhere from the blank to the blank |
| UMN lesion: dorsiflexion of big toe and fanning of other toes when sole of foot is stroked from lateral heel to great toe | What is babinski's reflex and where is it present |
| patient flexes 4 fingers, doctor rapidly extends flexed fingers: abnormal would be flexion and adduction of thumb | Klippel weil reflex |
| eaminer strokes around the lateral malleolus with end of reflex hammer 9behind and below), abnormal: extension of big toe | chaddock reflex |
| examiner strokes downward on medial tibial surface of reflex hammer, abnormal: extension of big toe | oppenheim reflex |
| examiner sharply dorsiflexes foot and releases, abormal: rapid plantar flexion and dorsiflexion | ankle clonus |
| hold patient's third finger or fourth finger and tap nail or flick terminal phalanx, abnormal: flexion of terminal phalanx of thumb and or adduction of thumb | hoffman's reflex |
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