Enjoyment of Music Test 1
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90 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 Melody | a coherent succession of single tones perceived as a whole. The main, unique, memorable part of a song. |
| Range | span of pitches. The difference between the highest note and lowest note in a melody. Songs with lots of high and low notes have a wide range. Songs with all the notes in the same area have a narrow range. |
| Countermelody | secondary melody below main melody |
| Contour | ascending, descending, or wave. How the melody moves up or down. |
| Interval | distance between two pitches |
| Conjunct | movement by steps. Moves to nearby pitches, short intervals. |
| Disjunct | movement by jumps. Larger intervals between pitches. |
| Phrases | units of meaning that make up a melody. Usually a measure. |
| Cadence | a resting place between phrases |
| Rhythm | moves the music through time, length or duration of notes |
| Beat | regular pulsation |
| Accent | beats that are stronger |
| Meter | recurrence of accented beats, organizes beats |
| duple meter | accents every other beat |
| triple meter | accents every third beat |
| quadruple meter | accents every 4th beat. This is the most common. |
| Downbeat | strongest accented beat in a measure |
| Compound meter | top number in time signature is a multiple of 3, out of 8 |
| Syncopation | placing the accent on the offbeat |
| Harmony | movement in relationship to chords. Adds depth to music. |
| Chord | three or more tones sounded together-basic unit of harmony |
| Scale | a consecutive sequence of pitches, no skipping lines or spaces |
| Octave | interval of 8 notes |
| Triad | 3 note chord w/ skipped notes between, such as 1-3-5 or 2-4-6. Most common chord in western music. |
| Tonic | central note, "home base", first note in a scale. |
| tonality | Organizing notes around a tonic |
| Diatonic harmony | only uses the 7 notes in a major/minor scale. |
| Chromatic harmony | uses 5 additional notes not included in major/minor scale. |
| Dissonance | quality of harmony that creates tension through instability or need for resolution |
| Consonance | stable or concordant sound, resolution of dissonance |
| Drone | sustained note throughout a piece of music (popular in Indian music) |
| Tonic chord | a triad built off the first note in a scale. Serves as a rest chord or "home base". |
| Active chords | chords that seek to be resolved by returning to the tonic chord. |
| Dominant chord | an active chord formed by the triad starting with the 4th note on a scale. Creates a feeling of restlessness. |
| Subdominant chord | an active chord formed by the triad starting with the 5th note on a scale. |
| Modulation | changing the key during a work. Creates tension and drama. |
| Transposition | shifting the pitch of an entire work up or down so it can be sung by a different vocal range |
| Texture | interweaving lines of melody and harmony in music |
| Monophony | a single voice without accompaniment |
| Heterophony | multiple voices elaborating the same melody at the same time |
| Polyphony | many voices, based on counterpoint |
| Homophony | one voice is prominent over accompaniment. Most common in western music. |
| Homorhythmic | a type of homophony where all the voices move in the same rhythm |
| Counterpoint | two or more lines set against one another |
| Imitation | a musical idea is stated in one voice and then repeated in another, common in polyphony |
| Canon | a type of polyphony that is strictly imitative |
| Round | A type of canon polyphony in which each voice enters the same melody in succession |
| Form | the organizing principle of music |
| Repetition | repeats a familiar part of the song many times in a piece. fixes the material in our minds and makes it familiar |
| Contrast | inserts contrasting parts of the song between the familiar parts. stimulates our interest and feeds our desire for change. |
| Variation | some aspects of the music are altered but the original is still recognizable |
| Strophic form | the main, familiar part of the song is repeated in each stanza |
| Binary Form | AB. Statement and departure |
| Ternary form | ABA. Statement, departure and return to original statement |
| Theme | a melodic idea used as a building block for a larger work |
| Motives | small, component fragments of a theme |
| Sequence | restating a musical idea at a higher or lower pitch level |
| Call and response | repetitive style involving a soloist and a group |
| Ostinato | a short musical pattern that is repeated throughout a work |
| Movement | complete, independent section of a large scale musical piece |
| Tempo | rate of speed of music |
| Allegro | fast |
| Moderato | moderate |
| Adagio | quite slow |
| Grave | solemn (very very slow) |
| Adante | walking pace |
| Vivace | lively |
| Presto | very fast |
| Largo | broad (very slow) |
| Accelerando | speeding up |
| Ritardando | slowing down |
| Pianissimo | very soft |
| Piano | soft |
| Mezzo piano | moderately soft |
| Mezzo forte | moderately loud |
| Forte | loud |
| Fortissimo | very loud |
| Crescendo | growing louder |
| Decrescendo | growing softer. Also called diminuendo. |
| Sforzando | forcing an accent on a single note |
| Metronome | device that indicates tempo |
| Dynamics | volume |
| Four qualities of a tone | pitch, duration, volume, timbre |
| Timbre | differences in quality of sound that each instrument provides |
| Instrument | produces vibrations in the air |
| Aerophones | produce sound using air |
| Chordophones | have vibrating strings |
| Idiophones | themselves vibrate (shakers, cymbals) |
| Membranophones | have a thin stretched membrane |
| 4 categories of western instruments | strings, woodwinds, brass and percussion |
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