DNA Replication and Protein Synthesis
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27 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 Nucleotide | consists of a phosphate, sugar, and nitrogen base |
| Double Helix | shape of DNA |
| Ribose | sugar found in RNA |
| Deoxyribose | sugar found in DNA |
| Hydrogen bond | bond that holds nitrogen bases together |
| Replication | process where DNA is copied |
| DNA Polymerase | enzyme that bonds DNA nucleotides together |
| Transcription | produces a complementary strand of RNA from a strand of DNA |
| mRNA | message translated to create a protein |
| tRNA | carries amino acids and the anticodon in translation |
| Translation | converts mRNA into proteins |
| Codon | 3 nucleotide sequence that codes for an amino acid |
| Central Dogma | states that information flows in one direction, from DNA to RNA to Proteins |
| Uracil | Thymine is replaced by this base in RNA |
| Interphase | stage in cell cycle in which replication occurs |
| 20 | number of different amino acids |
| Genetic Code | common language of all life |
| A, T, C, G | 4 bases found in DNA |
| A, U, C, G | 4 bases found in RNA |
| Nucleus | site where Replication occurs |
| Ribosome | site where Translation occurs |
| Nucleus | site where Transcription occurs |
| Replication | Enzymes unzip double helix, nucleotides pair up, 2 strands of DNA are created |
| transcription | DNA unzips, RNA nucleotides match up with corresponding DNA nucleotides, RNA strand detaches and heads out of the nucleus |
| translation | RNA strand attracts a complementary tRNA strand, anticodon pairs up with mRNA codon, and peptide bond is formed between two amino acids |
| peptide bond | bond holding 2 amino acids together |
| amino acid | monomers of proteins |
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