Soc Ch19 Review
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22 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 Uncle Tom's Cabin | 1852 book by Harriet Beecher Stowe; major political force; helped start the Civil war and helped the North win it; exposed the wickedness of slavery to the North |
| Sack of Lawrence | 1856 beginning to Bleeding Kansas; proslavery raiders shot up and burned part of Lawrence |
| John Brown | abolitionist; hacked five men to death at Pottawatomie Creek in 1856 in response to the Sack of Lawrence; invaded the South at Harpers Ferry, VA in 1859 and seized the federal arsenal; ended up being captured and executed |
| Bleeding Kansas | 1856-1860; violent events in the Kansas Territory; over whether KA should be admitted into the Union as a free or slave state |
| Lecompton Constitution | a constitution for the statehood of Kansas devised by proslaveryites; people had to vote for either a "with slavery" or "without slavery" version; even if "without slavery" was chosen, slaveowners would be protected |
| Preston Brooks | Congressman of South Carolina; hit Sumner, who insulted his cousin, Andrew Butler, in his "The Crime Against Kansas" speech condemning proslavery men with a cane until it broke; was re-elected |
| Charles Sumner | gave "The Crime Against Kansas" speech in 1856, which condemned proslavery men, as well as Andrew Butler; Preston Brooks, cousin of Butler, took revenge by hitting this man with a cane until it broke... |
| James Buchanan | won the US presidential election of 1856; Democratic president; made big mistakes: supporting the Lecompton Constitution, and held seceders in the Union by force; was viewed as prosouthern |
| John C. Frémont | Republican candidate of the US presidential election of 1856; lost to Buchanan; hero of Mexican War's Bear Flag Revolt; no political experience |
| Millard Fillmore | American Party (Know Nothing Party) candidate of the US presidential election of 1856; nativist and anti-Catholic; ex-president and ex-Whig |
| The Dred Scott Decision | 1857; Supreme Court; Dred Scott (black slave living w/ owner on free soil for five years) sued for freedom; Chief Justice Taney could have dismissed him, but decided to address the larger issue of slavery in the territories, and ruled the Missouri Compromise unconstitutional |
| Chief Justice Roger B. Taney | Supreme Court Justice from Maryland (slave state); famous for the Dred Scott Decision |
| Panic of 1857 | 1857 economic crisis during Buchanan's presidency; caused by CA gold rush inflation, Crimean War demanding US grain, and overspeculation of lands and railroads |
| Lincoln-Douglas Debates | 1858; set of joint debates between Lincoln and Douglas for an Illinois Senate position; Lincoln almost won by questioning what would happen if territories voted slavery down; Douglas recovered by proposing the "Freeport Doctrine" (said slavery would stay down, if people wanted it that way--despite Supreme Court ruling--and laws protecting slavery would have to come from territorial legislatures); Douglas won; Lincoln had a moral victory |
| Harpers Ferry | John Brown's scheme to invade the South with armed slaves, backed by sponsoring, northern abolitionists; seized the federal arsenal; Brown and remnants were caught by Robert E. Lee and the US Marines; Brown was hanged |
| Stephen A. Douglas | northern Democratic candidate in the US presidential election of 1860; tried to be nominated in Charleston, but had to try again in Baltimore |
| John C. Breckinridge | southern Democratic candidate in the US presidential election of 1860; from Kentucky; supported extension of slavery into the territories, and the annexation of Cuba |
| Abraham Lincoln | Republican candidate in the US presidential election of 1860; second best to William H. Seward, but Seward had too many enemies; won the election by a minority |
| John Bell | the Constitutional Union Party's candidate in the US presidential election of 1860; supported "The Union, the Constitution, and the Enforcement of the Laws" |
| Fort Sumter | location of the first shots of the Civil war in 1861; five days after South Carolina's secession |
| Jefferson Davis | president of the Confederate States of America; had military and administrative experience; had ill health; believed the South wanted to be let alone |
| Crittenden Compromise | a proposed compromising amendment by Henry Crittenden; prohibited slavery above 36°30', but allowed it below; future states would choose slave or free; could permanently enforce slavery; rejected by Lincoln |
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