Theories of Development
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Created by:
ltychapman on January 21, 2010
Subjects:
Description:
Chapter 2 Stark State
Classes:
Die Hards, Olympic College ADN - 2013
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40 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 psychoanalytic theories | Changes that occur because internal drives and emotions influence behavior |
| id | a person's basic sexual and aggressive impulses: contain libido |
| ego | the thinking element of personality |
| superego | the part of personality that is the moral judge |
| psychosexual stages (Freud) | stages of personality development through which children move in a fixed sequence determined by maturation |
| oral (Freud) | birth to 1 year |
| anal (Freud) | 1 to 3 years |
| phallic (Freud) | 3 to 6 years |
| latency (Freud) | 6 to 12 years |
| genital (Freud) | 12+ |
| psychosocial stages (Erickson) | inner instincts interact with outer cultural and social demands to shape personality |
| trust -vs- mistrust (Erickson) | birth to 1 |
| autonomy -vs- shame and doubt (Erickson) | 1 to 3 |
| initiative -vs- guilt (Erickson) | 3 to 6 |
| industry -vs- inferiority (Erickson) | 6 to 12 |
| identity -vs- role confusion (Erickson) | 12 to 18 |
| intimacy -vs- isolation (Erickson) | 18 to 30 |
| generativity -vs- stagnation (Erickson) | 30 to late adulthood |
| integrity -vs- despair (Erickson) | late adulthood |
| behaviorism | behavior changes caused by environmental influences |
| ;earning theories | an accumulation of experiences |
| classical conditioning | learning that results from the association of stimuli |
| operant learning | learning to repeat or stop behavior b/c of their consequences |
| reinforcement | anything that follows a behavior and causes it to be repeated |
| punishment | anything that follows a behavior and cause it to stop |
| extinction | gradual eliminating of a behavior through nonreinforcment |
| observational learning | learning results from seeing a model reinforced or punished for a behavior |
| cognitive theories | emphasizes mental processes in development |
| scheme | provides an individual with a procedure to use in a specific circumstance |
| assimilation | using a scheme to make sense of an event or experience |
| accommodation | changing a scheme as a result of some new information |
| equilibration | balancing assimilation and accommodation to create schemes that fit the environment |
| sociocultural theory | forms of thinking that have their social interactions rather than in an individual's private exploration |
| information- processing theory | how the mind manages information |
| neo-Piagetian theory | uses information processing principals to explain the developmental stages identified by Piaget |
| behaviorism | the role of heredity in individual differences |
| ethology | survival behaviors that are assumed to have evolved through natural selrction |
| sociobiology | an approach that emphasizes genes that aid group survival |
| bioecological theory | development between people and their environment or contexts |
| eclecticism | multiple perspectives used to explain and study human development |
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