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dihybrid cross A single genetic cross involving two different traits, such as flower color and plant height. rule of addition The rule stating that for two independent events, the probability of either event occurring is the sum of the individual probabilities. rule of multiplication The rule stating that for two independent events, the probability of both events occurring is the product of the individual probabilities. testcross A mating between a phenotypically dominant individual of unknown genotype and a homozygous "tester," done to determine whether the phenotypically dominant individual is homozygous or heterozygous for the relevant gene.