| Term | Definition |
|---|
| Cancer | A group of disease that involves abnormal, uncontrolled growth and division of cells |
| Cell Cycle | An ordered sequence of events in the life of a dividing eukaryotic cell, composed of mitosis and interphase growth and DNA synthesis phases |
| Cell-Cycle Arrest | An abrupt halt in the cell cycle when proteins detect mistakes or damage in DNA that needs to be repaired |
| Centromere | The specialized region of a chromosome that holds two replicated chromosomal strands together and that attached to the spindle in mitosis. |
| Chromosome Segregation | Separation of the sister chromatids during mitosis in which each new nucleus receives one copy of each chromosome |
| Cyclins | A group of proteins whose function is to regulate the progression of a cell through the cell cycle and whose concentrations rise and fall throughout the cell cycle |
| Cytokinesis | The division of the cytoplasm of a cell after nucleus division |
| Chromatin | In eukaryotes, the chromosomal material (DNA and associated proteins) as it ordinarily appears in a cell’s nucleus with individual chromosomes indistinct |
| Cell Cycle | DNA synthesis + cell reproduction |
| Unicelled eukaryotes produced | New organisms |
| Multicelled eukaryotes used the cell cycle for | Maintenance and repair of cell + growth |
| Prokaryotes produce new bacteria by | Binary Fission |
| Binary Fission is simpler than the | Cell Cycle |
| The Five Stages of the Cell Cycle | Interphase, Prophase, Metaphase, Anaphase, Telophase |
| The Four stages of Interphase | G1, S, G2, M |
| G1 | Active Growth Period; Protein Synthesis; No Dividing; Nerve Cells and RBC stay here |
| S | DNA Synthesis of new set of genes; Errors = mutations (SOME harmful) |
| G2 | Short growth with small amount of protein and RNA synthesis |
| M | Mitosis stage with chromosome replication & production of 2 nuclei from 1 & cell division |
| Prophase | Chromosomes condense, nuclear envelope disappears, microtubules form spindle fibers which attach to centromeres of chromosomes |
| Metaphase | Chromosomes line up in middle of cell |
| Anaphase | Centromere divides and the 2 chromatids become separate chromosomes which move to opposite ends of the cell |
| Telophase | 2 new nuclear envelopes form round the 2 groups of chromosomes at poles and the cell splits |
| At the end of mitosis, the cell begins | G1 again |
| Cytokinesis is different in | Plants and Animals |
| Cytokinesis of Plants | A cell plate form in the middle which extends out to the membrane |
| Cytokinesis of Animals | Pinch in from the outside |
| Only ___ have a pair of Centrioles | Animals |
| What Pair Centrioles Do | Copy at the start of M and connect spindle fibers |
| Length of Cell Cycle in Prokaryotes | 20-30 Minutes |
| Length of Cell Cycle in Eukaryotes | 8 Hours-1 Day |
| Length of Cell Cycle is Controlled by | Cell, Size, Position, Hormones |
| Cyclin Proteins Regulate | The Cell Cycle |
| If a cell has an error in its DNA that cannot be repaired, it may undergo | Programmed Cell Death |
| Apoptosis | A common process throughout life that helps the body get rid of cells it doesn’t need or are damaged |
| Macrophage | White blood cell that recycles cells that have undergone apoptosis |
| Apoptsis protects the body by | removing cells that could lead to cancer |
| Oncogene | Any gene with the potential to induce cancer |
| Cancer can be initiated by | UV rays, hereditary signals, viruses, chemicals in tobacco |
| Kinases | Enzymes that start a sequence of needed reactions |
| Each cyclin can | Activate specified kinases |
| Proto-oncogenes promote | Cell Division |
| Tumor suppressor genes inhibit | Cell Division |
| p53 genes | Correct mistakes and can cause apoptosis if damage is too severe |
| Rate of cancer in US is | 1 in 3 |
Combine with other sets
Share on Facebook
Share on MySpace