AF&F Lab 6: Digestion
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Created by:
eponinegurl24601 on January 24, 2010
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Messiah College Bio 161, Animal Form and Function terms for lab 6: Digestion
Lab Practical 2
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61 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 filter feeders | Echinodermata, Brachiopoda, flamingos, and baleen whales are these |
| hematophagy | feeding on blood of other organisms |
| mosquito | a hematophage which has a piercing proboscis |
| nectarivore | other fluid-feeders such as hummingbirds |
| leech | a hematophage with many teeth and sucking mouth parts |
| labrum | insect mouthpart- functions like upper lip, holding food in place during chewing |
| mandible | nsect mouthpart- used for mechanical digestion of food: ripping, tearing, chewing |
| maxilla | middle insect mouth part, used for holding food in palace and manipulating it |
| labium | insect "bottom" mouthpart, used in food manipulation |
| hypopharynx | facilitates swallowing in grasshopper mouth |
| honeybee | has both a maxillae and lapping mouthparts |
| hemipterans | have piercing/sucking mouthparts characterized by a proboscis which can pierce plant or animal tissue and suck out fluids |
| labella | this sponge-like mouthpart can be found on a housefly |
| tongue | the proboscis is a modification of this human mouthpart |
| incisors | teeth used for snipping or cutting |
| canines | teeth used for stabbing/tearing |
| pre-molars | grinding/crushing teeth in the middle of the mouth |
| molars | grinding/crushing teeth in the back of the mouth |
| cusps | ridges on the broad surface of molars |
| dental formula | a short hand method of describing the number of each type of tooth in one half of one jaw on a mammal |
| pharynx | the passage to the stomach and lungs |
| esophagus | the passage between the pharynx and the stomach |
| stomach | food is churned and mixed with digestive enzymes, mechanical and chemical digestion occurs here |
| intestines | where food enters after stomach and is further mized with digestive juices, enzymes from the pancreas and bile from the liver |
| crop | a pouch in many birds and some lower animals that resembles a stomach for storage and preliminary maceration of food |
| proentriculus | 2 part stomach (w/gizzard) found in birds and crocodiles which secretes digestive enzymes used for chemical digestion |
| gizzard | thick-walled muscular pouch below the crop in many birds and reptiles for grinding food, often pebbles are found here |
| rumen | first stomach chamber in cows and related animals in which newly swallowed plant food is stored, churned mixed with mucous and cellulase |
| cellulase | necessary to break down cellulose, which is produced by bacteria housed in the organism |
| reticulum | the second compartment of the stomach of a ruminant, cellulose chemical digestion continues, sometimes moved back into the mouth |
| abomasum | final chamber of the complex stomach of ruminants; has a glandular wall and corresponds to a "true stomach." |
| Cecum | the cavity in which the large intestine begins and into which the ileum opens, houses resident bacteria essential for chemical digestion of foodstuffs |
| cecotropes | nutrient-rich droppings (NOT fecal pellets) |
| cardiac stomach | the "lower" (ventral) stomach of sea stars and other echinoderms, can be everted |
| pyloric stomach | the "higher" (dorsal) stomach of sea stars and other echinoderms, connects to the pyloric ducts |
| pyloric ducts | long, radial ducts which secrete enzymes in sea star digestion |
| pyloric cecum | in seastars, small, shiny structures which secrete digestive enzymes and increase SA for digestion, attached to a short intestine |
| spiral valve, typhlosole | A spiral fold of mucous membrane in the small intestine which increases the surface area for absorption (in sharks) |
| post-vascular intestine | pouch in a shark's excretory system where excess ions are stored |
| Peritoneum | The shiny membrane lining the abdominal cavity |
| parietal peritoneum | peritoneum found on the body wall |
| visceral peritoneum | peritoneum found on teh surface of organs |
| liver | large and complicated reddish-brown glandular organ located in the upper right portion of the abdominal cavity |
| gall bladder | greenish organ, stores bile produced by the liver until it is needed in the duodenum |
| duodenum | first part of the small intestine |
| small intestine | digestive organ in which most chemical digestion takes place, longest part of the alimentary canal |
| Large intestine | organ that absorbs water from undigested material |
| appendix | human cecum |
| colon | the large part of the large intestine |
| rectum | posterior ed of the large intestine, leading to the anus |
| anus | excretory opening at the end of the alimentary canal |
| mesenteries | the thin, transparent sheets of tissue that connect the loops of the intestine |
| gastric pits | gastric mucosa is pocked with depressions which are lined with the the same columnar epithelium as the surface. they are continually producing new epithelial cells |
| gastric glands | glands of the mucosa of the stomach that secrete HCl and hydrolytic enzymes (primarily pepsinogen, the inactive form of pepsin, a protein-digesting enzyme), which begins the enzymatic, or chemical breakdown of protein foods. |
| lumen | a cavity or passage in a tubular organ |
| crypts of lieberkuhn | invagination of the epithelium of the small intestines (glands that open between the bases of the villi) |
| villi | Small fingerlike projections on the walls of the small intestines that increase surface area |
| acinar cells | exocrine pancreatic cells which produce and secret digestive enzymes into the first part of the pancreas |
| islets of Langerhans | little "islands" amidst the acini which produce insulin and glucogen, making them collectively the endocrine pancreas |
| liver lobules | numerous, generally hexagonal functional units of the liver consisting of platelike groups of Hepatocytes radiating out from a central vein |
| central ein | in the liver, this has hexagonal hepatocytes cells surrounding it |
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