Mckay AP Euro
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Created by:
thelostcrew on January 25, 2010
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145 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 Black Death | The disease that moved from South to North |
| Joan of Arc | French heroine and military leader inspired by religious visions to organize French resistance to the English and to have Charles VII crowned king during the 100 years war |
| Babylonian Captivity | The pope resided in Avignon |
| The Greath Schism | When there was more than one pope in Europe |
| John Wycliff | Believed that the scriptures alone should dictate Christian belief |
| Vernacular Literature | language spoken in their own regions, such as Italian, German, of French then put into writing |
| Dante | Wrote the divine comedies |
| The Prince | Written by Machiavelli |
| Despot | a dictator with absolute power |
| Oligarchy | a political system governed by a few people |
| The Courtier | Castiglione, explains the lifestyle of a proper gentleman, ex.) well-versed in poetry, literature, music, dance, etc. |
| Pope Sixtus IV | Built the Vatican library |
| Secularism | The belief in material things instead of religious things. This was a shift away from Medieval thinking. |
| Humanism | "New Learning" |
| Chaucer | wrote canterbury tales |
| Donetello | The Sculptor who led the way before Michelangelo |
| Michelangelo | Painted the Last Judgement |
| Charles V | Holy Roman Emperor from 1519-1556 |
| Johnnes Guttenberg | Created the printing press |
| The 14th Century | First use of clocks (year) |
| Thomas More | Wrote Utopia and was later killed by King Henry VIII |
| Desiderius Erasmus | Wrote Praise of Folly; believed that everybody should study the Bible |
| Charles VII | Issued the Pragmatic Sanction of Bourges, allowing the French monarchy to appoint bishops |
| Court of the Star chamber | court where habeus copus was suspended, reduced aristocratic trouble, had star painted on ceiling |
| Hermandades | Spanish police force that curbed the rebellious aristocracy |
| New Christians | When the Jews where kicked out of Spain they were given the option to leave or become this...., the translation of the Spanish word conversos, referring to Spanish Jews who converted to Christianity in the fourteenth century in order to avoid persecution. |
| Duke of Saxony | Saved Martin Luther after the Diet of Worms |
| Martin Luther | Wrote the 95 Theses |
| John Tetzel | Sold indulgences in Wittenburg |
| Diet of Worms | Place where Martin Luther was asked to recant |
| Ulrich Zwingli | Introduced the reformation to Switzerland |
| Miner | Occupation of Matin Luthers' Father |
| Calvinism | believed in predestination, that God was all knowing and it became the dominant theological credo of the Puritans |
| Anabaptists | Belief that baptism shouldn't happen as a baby. Off shoots of the Anababtists were the Quakers and mennonite |
| John Knox | Brought Calvinism into Scotland |
| The Supremacy Act | Issued by King Henry VII declaring him king of the Anglican church |
| Edward VI | King Henry's only son, Wrote the Book of common prayer (Protestant) |
| Mary Tudor | Took control of England after King Edward's death (Catholic) |
| Queen Elizabeth | Created the Elizabethan Settlement, which allowed for outward conformity to the Anglican Church but alowed for home practices of the peoples religion of choosing |
| Council of Trent | Council Called to reform the church |
| Jesuits | A society that preached Christianity, was started by Ignatious Loyla |
| Huguenots | French name for Calvinists |
| St. Bartholomew's Day Massacre | A slaughtering of French Huguenots |
| Henry IV | Created the Edict of Nantes and Said "Paris is worth a mass" |
| Edict of Nantes | Granted French Huguenots freedom to practice Calvinism in 150 fortified towns |
| Union of Utrecht | 7 Northern provinces not controlled by the Dutch |
| Spanish Armada | Attack on the Protestant British, plotted to Kill Queen Elizabeth. |
| Peace of Augsburg | Allowed for each prince to pick the religion of his choosing (protestantism or Catholicism) |
| 30 year war | Protestant Union Vs. Catholic Union |
| Peace of Westphalia 1648 | Treaty , This was the treaty that ended the Thirty Years' War that recognized the independent authority of over three hundred German principalities |
| Age of Discovery | 1450-1650 (Marco Polo, Cortez) |
| Caravel | A small ship developed by the Portuguese |
| Nocturnal | Instrument used to tell the time of night |
| Astrolabe | Instrument used to figure out the latitude of a ship |
| Mezitos | Half spanish - Half Native people |
| The Columbian Exchange | enormous widespread exchange of plants, animals, food, human population, diseases and ideas; one of the most significant events in the history of world ecology, agriculture and culture between America, Asia, Europe, and Africa. |
| Witch | Were burned at the stake for working with the devil |
| Michel de Montaigne | Wrote the Essay |
| Baroque Art | Part of the Counter Reformation. Displayed a religious theme, red and gold color scheme, dark (sinner) vs. light (saint), and was intensely dramatic. Early Baroque art was dominated by Spain. |
| Habsburg-Valois wars | Intermittent fighting between France and the Italian states |
| Treaty of Cateau-Cambresis | Treaty signed that ended the fighting between France and the italian states |
| Divine Right | Ruled in the name of God |
| Totalitarian Government | Ruled everything from the Economy to Music |
| Duke of Sully | Protestant Prime Minister to King Henry VII |
| Cardinal Richelieu | Prime Minister to King Louis XIII, divided France into 32 states and created intendant system for total power |
| Intedants | Placed in French states and were told to weaken region power |
| Siege of La Rochelle | French battle that weakened Protestant power |
| French Academy | Academy set up to manage the French Language |
| Raison detat | The law that allowed for any action to be justified by "doing it for the state" |
| Cardinal Marizan | Prime Minister to King Louis XIV, who increased royal revenues |
| Fronde | Opposition to the King of France |
| King Louis XIV | Known as Le Roi Soliel (The Sun King) |
| Versailles | Palace built in the Suburbs of Paris |
| Clergy | The First Estate |
| Nobility | Second Estate |
| Everyone Else | Third Estate |
| Jean-Babtiste Colbert | Created French Mercantilism (export more and import less) |
| Guilds | Craftsmen ordered in to them? under Colberts' reign |
| Revocation of the Edict of Nantes | THousands of Huguenots had to emigrate because of this revocation |
| Treaty of the Pyrenees | Trea, The treaty that ended fighting between France and Spain that continued after the Thirty Years' War; the treaty marked the end of Spain's status as a major European power. |
| Philip of Anjou | Charles II of Spain left him to be the heir |
| Peace of Utrecht | Ended Louis XIV's attempts to gain military power and land. Marked the end of French expansionist policy. Ended the War of Spanish Succession. |
| consubstantiation | The bread and wine undergo a spiritual change. |
| Transubstantiantion | as taking communion, wine becomes blood, wafer becomes body (catholic) |
| Eucharist | The taking of the bread and the wine |
| Miguel de Cervantes | Wrote Don Quixote |
| King James I | English King who believed in divine rights and who was the heir to Queen Elizabeth |
| Puritans | Wanted to Completely rid the Anglican Church of Catholicism |
| King Charles I | Heir to King James, dissolved the parliament because they wouldn't allow for more taxing |
| Oliver Cromwell | Military dictatorship, regulated the British economy and took over the government after the execution of Charles I |
| Charles II | Restored the houses of Parliament, He also made a deal with the French in order to relax the laws against Catholics |
| James II | Brother of King Charles II, Appointed Roman Catholics in all governmental positions in order to stop anti-catholic fears |
| John Locke | Wrote the "Second Treatise of Civil Government" and believed in natural rights |
| Navigation Acts | Only British ships could ship between England and the Colonies |
| Fredrick I | The Great Elector of Brandenburg |
| Hereditary Subjungation | Peasant are bound to their land |
| Sultan Sulieman the Magnificent | Great Ottoman Sultan |
| Pragmatic Sanction | Law that allowed for a women to rule the Habsburg Empire and for the Habsburg lands to never be divided |
| Fredrick III | Prussian king who greatly admired Louis XIV |
| Fredrick William I | Prussian King who loved his army and tall soldiers. Created the 4th largest army in Europe |
| Junkers | Prussian word for nobles |
| Cossacks | Group of Eastern European people who escaped the Kings reign |
| Service Nobility | Nobility that held land for the Tsars specific use |
| Tycho Brahe | Built Observatory in the Netherlands, Had a pet moose |
| Galileo | This scientist formulated the experimental method and using this, came up with the law of inertia, among several discoveries related to the moon |
| Kepler | This astronomer stated that the orbits of planets around the sun were elliptical, the planets do not orbit at a constant speed, and that an orbit is related to its distance from the sun |
| Copernicus | Believed sun was the center of the universe |
| Newton | This physicist developed the law of universal gravitation and further caused the decline of the old system of science |
| Fancis Bacon | Created the scientific method of Empiricism |
| Rene Descartes | Created the scientific method of deduction |
| Salons | Place for philosophes to converse |
| Catherine the Great and Joseph II | Two of the enlightened monarchs during the Enlightenment |
| Adam Smith | Creator of the modern government |
| Edward Jenner | Created the first smallpox vaccine using cowpox |
| Illegitimate Children | The result of premarital sex |
| Killing Nurses | Nurses that kill the child |
| Wet Nurse | Nurse that breast fed for the mother |
| Foundling homes | Place for orphaned children |
| Just Price | Fair and equal prices for goods |
| potato | New food that was initially fed to pigs |
| John Wesley | Organizer of the Holy Club which became the first Methodist |
| Bourgoise | The French upper middle class |
| The stamp acts | Taxes on many American goods |
| Flight of flight of varennes | When King Louis XVI and Marie Antoinette fled |
| Reign of Terror | The Squashing of anti-revolutionaries by the committee of public safety |
| Declaration of Rights of Man 1789 | First French Constitution |
| Sansculottes | The laboring French poor |
| The index | List of banned books |
| Maximillian Robespierre | Revolution French leader |
| Napoleon | French general who became emperor of the French (1769-1821) |
| Napoleonic code | Code which took away women's rights, husband had absolute power |
| Concordant of 1801 | An agreement in which the pope was to give up all his claims to French land acquired during the revolution, and to allow France to have its own French Bishops. The French had to recognize Catholism as the religion of the majority of French People. |
| Spinning Jenny | The machice H, This machine played an important role in the mechanization of textile production. Like the spinning wheel, it may be operated by a treadle or by hand. But, unlike the spinning wheel, it can spin more than one yarn at a time. The idea for multiple-yarn spinning was conceived about 1764 by James Hargreaves, an English weaver. In 1770, he patented a machine that could spin 16 yarns at a time. (643, 727) |
| Water frame | 1780's; Richard Arkwright; powered by horse or water; turned out yarn much faster than cottage spinning wheels, led to development of mechanized looms |
| Newcommen | First Person to create a steam engine |
| Watt | Produced a more efficient steam engine |
| The Rocket | The fist locomotive, went 16mph |
| William Cockerill | Englishman who slipped out the country to share British Secrets with other countries |
| Factory Acts of 1833 | Limited factory workdays for children between 9-13 to 10 hours a day |
| Mine Acts of 1842 | Prohibited mine work for all women and children |
| The combination Acts | The Act that outlawed unions |
| Robert Owen | Man who Created the first union |
| Chartist demands | The right for universal suffrage |
| Metternich | Conservative Prime Minister of Germany , a German-Austrian politician and statesman, and one of the most important diplomats of his era. He was a major figure on the negotiations leading to and at the Congress of Vienna and is considered both a paradigm of foreign policy management and a major figure on the development of diplomacy. |
| Tallyrand | french foreign minister who represented France in Congress of Vienna |
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