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Sonnet 14 lines; iambic pentameter Shakespearian (English) sonnet 3 quatrains with a cuplet at the end Petrarchian (Italian) Sonnet 1 stanza, 14 lines Rhythm the flow of words in poetry Stress number of syllables; the pattern of the syllables directs the feelings expressed in a poem Rhyme the repetition of sounds at the ends of words Imagery It encourages you to see, hear, feel, taste, smell, and touch the worlds created by poets. Simile direct comparisons between things that have something in common but are essentially different. The comparisons made by similes are considered direct because the words like or as are included in the comparisons. Metaphor implied comparisons between things that have something in common but are essentially different. Metaphors highlight certain qualities in things to make readers see them in new ways. Personification allows poets to give human emotions and characteristics to inanimate objects, abstract ideas, and nonhuman living things Hyperbole exaggeration that creates special effects Paradox a statement that appears to be contradictory but is actually true. Repetition The recurrence of a sound, a word, a phrase, a line, or even an entire stanza Alliteration The repetition of the same consonant sounds usually at the beginning of neighboring words. Assonance the repetition of vowel sounds to create interesting and unusual sound patterns. Consonance When two words have different vowel sounds but share a single consonant sound - such as brick and clock Onomatopoeia words that imitate the actions or sounds with which they are associated - such as plop, bounce, beat, creak, swish, clink, hiss. Anaphora repetition of a word or phrase at the beginning of successive clauses or lines of verse Parallelism a type of repetition. A writer presents a series of sentences or sentence elements, all written in a similar style or manner Allusion A reference to a well- known person, character, place, event, concept, or literary work. Enjambment The continuation of a sentence or phrase from one line of a poem to the next, without a pause between lines. (creates a conversational tone by breaking lines at points where people would normally pause) Lyric Poetry A lyric poem expresses a speaker's personal thoughts and feelings. Usually short and musical! Narrative Poetry A poem that tells a story Haiku is a very old form of Japanese poetry;has three lines, The first line has five syllables, the second line has seven syllables, and the final line has five; often associated with nature and seasons. Ballad a form of narrative folk song developed in Europe during the Middle Ages Ode a poem praising and glorifying a person, place or thing.