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Cerebellum "small brain" right above brain stem Components of the Brain Stem midbrain, pons, medulla Four lobes of brain Frontal, Occipital, Parietal, Temporal Spinal cord Acts as communication link between the brain and PNS Dorsal Roots (Affectors) Contain neurons that carry signals to the CNS from the sensory neurons Ventral Roots (Effectors) Contain neurons that carry information from the CNS to muscles and glands Gray matter Area of unmyelinated neurons where cell bodies and synapses occur White matter Area of myelinated fiber tracts Reflexes Simplest responses to a stimulus, always controlled by spinal cord 4 functions of nervous system Gathers, transmits, processes, sends Central Nervous system (CNS) Consists of brain and spinal cord Peripheral Nervous system (PNS) Consists of neurons not included in brain and spinal cord Efferent Neurons Transmit information away from CNS Afferent Neurons Collect information from the body and transmits it toward CNS Somatic Nervous system Regulates activities that are under conscious control Autonomic Nervous system Regulates involuntary activities Sympathetic Nervous system Activates or speeds up organs Parasympathetic Nervous system Slows down the organ Dendrites Short branch extensions spreading out from the cell body Axon Long fiber that carries impulses away from the cell body Myelin sheath Insulates and speeds up transmission of action potentials through the axon Nodes of Ranier Gaps in the myelin sheath Interneurons Connects sensory and motor neurons and carry impulses between them; found entirely within CNS