TB Facts
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Created by:
aroberts86 on January 26, 2010
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60 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 Caused by... | Mycobacterium Tuberculosis |
| Treatment started in... | 1940s |
| Latent TB Infection (LTBI): | infected but body stops bacteria from growing |
| Latent TB Infection (LTBI): | infected but pt has no symptoms and does not feel sick |
| Latent TB Infection (LTBI): | infected but cannot spread the disease to others |
| Latent TB Infection (LTBI): | usually have a positive TST or positive blood test |
| Latent TB Infection (LTBI): | dormant but can still develop active TB disease |
| Active TB disease: | bacteria is active and multiply |
| Active TB disease: | infection destroys tissue |
| Active TB disease: | affects lungs (creates a "hole" or cavitation |
| Active infection can be found in... | lungs, kidneys or spine |
| Major symptoms: | bad cough for more than 3 weeks, pain in chest, coughing up blood or sputum |
| Other symptoms: | weakness or fatigue, weight loss, no appetite, chills, fever, sweating at night |
| Most common test: | Mantoux TB skin test (TST) |
| Other test: | QuantiFERON- TB Gold Test (blood test) |
| Positive skin test means... | person is infected but does not indicate active disease |
| Check TB skin test after... | 48-72 hours |
| TB skin test wheal should be... | 6-10 mm |
| Inject how many mL for skin test | 0.1 mL |
| Measure what for skin test | only the elevated area - not the redness |
| Measure skin test in what unit | mm |
| After infected, takes body ____ weeks to get it under control | 2-10 |
| First cells on site to fight infection | phagocytes |
| Can produce a false positive TST | person with BCG vaccine |
| BCG vaccine does not... | completely prevent people from getting TB |
| Tx for LTBI | drugs to prevent development disease |
| Tx for LTBI lasts for | 6-12 months |
| Before LTBI tx starts... | rule out active TB first |
| Drugs used for LTBI | isoniazid (INH) and rifampin |
| Drugs for active TB | INH, rifampin, ethambutol, pyrazinamide |
| Isoniazid (INH) | watch liver, be aware that other drugs affect liver; watch med combinations (Tylenol); may have numbness/tingling in hands/feet |
| Vitamin B6 may help with what S&S | numbness/tingling caused by INH |
| Rifampin | urine, stools, saliva, sputum, sweat and tears may turn red-orange (harmless); do not wear contracts, watch liver |
| Ethambutol | causes eye nerve damage; actacids interfere (less effective); may have numbness/tingling- vitamin B6 helps |
| Pyrazinamide | may make skin more sensitive to sunlight |
| Monthly follow-up sputum checks until... | two consecutive negative results |
| Low risk classification | exposure unlikely |
| Medium risk classification | healthcare workers who will or might be exposed to TB |
| Potential Ongoing Transmission risk classification | temporary classification for any setting with evidence of person-to-person transmission of TB |
| Testing for Low risk classification | baseline on hire |
| Testing for Medium risk classification | baseline on hire and then annually |
| Testing for Potential Ongoing Transmission | baseline, then every 8-10 weeks until evidence of transmission has ceased |
| Reaction of > 5mm for TST is considered positive in: | HIV pts, recent exposure to TB, pts with fibrotic change on CXR, organ transplant pts, immunosuppressed pts |
| Reaction of > 10mm for TST is considered positive in: | recent immigrants (past 5 years), injection drug users, pts from high-risk settings, children <4yo |
| Reaction of > 15mm considered positive in: | persons with no risk factors for TB |
| BCG vaccine decreases the risk for... | progressing from latent TB infection to active TB disease |
| 8 million people | develop TB disease q year |
| 2 million people | die of TB disease q year |
| Bacterium can stay airborne for | 6-8 hours |
| It can take ____ months to develop the antibodies to cause a positive test | up to 3 |
| _____ is the best way to diagnose active TB | Sputum test |
| Strongest risk for progressing to TB disease | HIV (diabetes, kidney disease, pneumonia, cancer) |
| Two step skin test... | administered twice w/in a 21 day period |
| Two step: first test must be ready | within 48 hours to 7 days |
| Two step: second test administered | no sooner than 7 days after 1st test |
| Two step: second test must be read | within 48-72 hours |
| BCG vaccine does not affect... | blood test (as opposed to skin test) |
| If forearm is unavailable for TST... | use scapula area |
| Open vials expire after | 4 weeks |
| Low tyramine diet is recommended for which drug | Isoniazid (INH) |
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