| Term | Definition |
|---|
| addiction | compulsive drug craving and use. |
| alpha waves | brain wave of awake relaxed person |
| amphetamines | drugs that increase energy and stimulate neural activity |
| barbiturates | drugs that reduce anxiety and depress central nervous system activity |
| consciousness | Our awareness Of ourselves and our environment |
| delta waves | the large, slow brain waves associated with deep sleep. |
| depressants | drugs (such as alcohol, barbiturates, and opiates) that reduce neural activity and slow body functions. |
| dissociation | a split between different levels of consciousness |
| dream | a sequence of images, emotions, and thoughts passing through a sleeping person’s mind. are notable for their hallucinatory imagery, discontinuities, and incongruities, and for the dreamer’s delusional acceptance of the content and later difficulties remembering it. |
| Ecstasy | a synthetic stimulant and mild hallucinogen. Produces euphoria and social intimacy, but with short-term health risks and longer-term harm to serotonin-producing neurons and to mood and cognition. |
| endorphin | natural painkiller produced by the brain |
| Freud's theory | theory that dreaming reflects our erotic drives |
| hallucinations | false sensory experiences, such as seeing something in the absence of an external visual stimulus. |
| hallucinogens | psychedelic ("mind-manifesting") drugs, such as LSD, that distort perceptions and evoke sensory images in the absence of sensory input. |
| hypnosis | a social interaction in which one person (the hypnotist) suggests to another (the subject) that certain perceptions, feelings, thoughts, or behaviors will spontaneously occur. |
| insomnia | recurring problems in falling or staying asleep. |
| latent content | deeper meaning of dreams |
| LSD | a powerful hallucinogenic drug; also known as acid (lysergic acid diethylamide). |
| manifest content | surface meaning of dreams |
| mesmerism | early name for hypnosis |
| methamphetamine | a powerfully addictive drug that stimulates the central nervous system, with speeded-up body functions and associated energy and mood changes; over time, appears to reduce baseline dopamine levels. |
| monism | the presumption that mind and body are different aspects of the same thing. |
| narcolepsy | disorder in which sleep attacks occur |
| night terrors | a sleep disorder characterized by high arousal and an appearance of being terrified; unlike nightmares, night terrors occur during Stage 4 sleep, within two or three hours of falling asleep, and are seldom remembered. |
| opiates | opium and its derivatives, such as morphine and heroin; they depress neural activity, temporarily lessening pain and anxiety. |
| physical dependence | a physiological need for a drug, marked by unpleasant withdrawal symptoms when the drug is discontinued. |
| posthypnotic suggestion | a suggestion, made during a hypnosis session, to be carried out after the subject is no longer hypnotized; used by some clinicians to help control undesired symptoms and behaviors. |
| psychoactive drug | a chemical substance that alters perceptions and mood. |
| psychological dependence | a psychological need to use a drug such as to relieve negative emotions. |
| REM | sleep stage associated with dreaming |
| REM rebound | the tendency for REM sleep to increase following REM sleep deprivation (created by repeated awakenings during REM sleep). |
| REM sleep | stage of sleep associated with muscular relaxation |
| serotonin | neurotransmitter that LSD resembles |
| sleep | periodic, natural, reversible loss of consciousness—as distinct from unconsciousness resulting from a coma, general anesthesia, or hibernation. (Adapted from Dement, 1999.) |
| sleep apnea | sleep disorder in which breathing stops |
| sleep spindle | brain-wave activity during Stage 2 sleep |
| Stages 3 and 4 sleep | stage of sleep associated with delta waves |
| stimulants | drugs (such as caffeine, nicotine, and the more powerful amphetamines, cocaine, and Ecstasy) that excite neural activity and speed up body functions. |
| THC | the major active ingredient in marijuana; triggers a variety of effects, including mild hallucinations. |
| tolerance | the diminishing effect with regular use of the same dose of a drug, requiring the user to take larger and larger doses before experiencing the drug’s effect. |
| withdrawal | the discomfort and distress that follow discontinuing the use of an addictive drug. |
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