SOC CHAPTER 3
Order by
34 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 society | people live together in a certain place and share the common culture |
| sociocultural evolution | a process in which where societies grow more complex in terms of technology, social structure, cultural knowledge over time |
| hunting-gathering society | a society where people make a living by hunting and gathering food by using simple technologies |
| pastoral society | a society that depends for its livelihood on domestic animals |
| horticultural society | hand tools are used to grow domesticated crops |
| agrarian society | a society that depends on crops raised with plows,draft animals, and intensive agricultural methods |
| industrial society | society that relies on machines and advanced technology to produce and distribute food, information,goods, and services |
| postindustrial society | service industries and manufacture of information and knowledge dominate the economy |
| culture | the learned set of beliefs, values,norms, and material goods shared by group members |
| material culture | includes artifacts, art, architecture, and other tangible goods that people create and assign meanings...examples clothes,goods, tv sets,etc |
| nonmaterial culture | mental blueprints that serve as guidelines for group behavior...examples language,beliefs,norms |
| symbol | anything to which group members assign meaning |
| language | a complex system of symbols with conventional meanings that people use for communication |
| beliefs | assertions about the nature of reality |
| values | shared ideas about what is socially desirable |
| norms | expectations and rules for proper conduct of group members |
| folkways | informal rules and expectations that guide peoples everyday behavior |
| mores | norms that people consider essential to the proper working of society |
| laws | formal rules enacted and enforced by the power of the state, which apply to members of the society |
| taboos | prohibitions against behaviors that most members of a group consider to be so repugnant they are unthinkable |
| sanctions | penalties or rewards society uses to encourage conformity and punish deviance |
| culture shock | feelings of confusion and disorientation that occur when a person encounters a very different culture |
| ethnocentrism | the tendency to evaluate the customs of other groups according to ones own cultural standard...thinking ones culture is better than others |
| cultural relativism | evaluating other cultures according to their standards, not ours...puting yourself in someone elses shoes |
| subcultures | groups that share many elements of mainstream culture but maintain their own distinctive customs,values,norms and lifestyles |
| countercultures | reject the conventional wisdom and standards of behavior of the majority and provide alternatives to mainstream culture...do not follow normal standards |
| multiculturalism | a movement that encourages respect and appreciation for cultural differences |
| eurocentrism | the belief that europeon cultures have contributed the most to human knowledge and are superior to all others |
| afrocentrism | the perspective that emphasizes the preeminence of african and african american culture in human development |
| ideal culture | what people should do,according to group norms and values |
| real culture | what people actually do in everyday social interaction |
| cultural lag | inconsistencies in a cultural system, especially in the relationship between technology and nonmaterial |
| cultural ecological approach | an approach that examines the relationship between a culture and its total environment |
| cultural hegemony | the domination of cultural industries by elite groups |
First Time Here?
Welcome to Quizlet, a fun, free place to study. Try these flashcards, find others to study, or make your own.