A&P Test 1
About this set
Created by:
AndreaF590 on January 29, 2010
Subjects:
Anotomy and Physiology, ch. 1-4, Mertz
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65 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 chemical, cellular, tissue, organ, organ system, organismal | The correct sequence of levels forming the structural hierarchy is ______, _____, ______, _____, _____, _____. |
| a cell | The structural and functional unit of life is _____. |
| nervous system and endocrine system | The two organ systems that bear the major responsibility for ensuring homeostasis are the _____ and _____. |
| wrist | distal: the elbow/the wrist |
| hip bone | lateral: the hip bone/the umbilicus |
| nose | superior: the nose/the chin |
| toes | anterior: the toes/the heel |
| scalp | superficial: the scalp/the skull |
| dorsal | Dorsal or Ventral?: surrounded by the bony skull and the vertebral column. |
| ventral | Dorsal or Ventral?: includes the thoracic and abdominopelvic cavities. |
| dorsal | Dorsal or Ventral?: contains the brain and spinal cord. |
| ventral | Dorsal or Ventral?: contains the heart, lungs, and digestive organs. |
| visceral peritoneum | The _____ covers most of the organs in the abdominopelvic cavity. |
| parietal pericardium | The _____ lines the pericardial cavity. |
| parietal pleurae | The _____ lines the walls of the thoracic cavity. |
| visceral pleurae | The _____ covers the lungs. |
| abdominal cavity | Which ventral cavity subdivision has no bony protection? |
| radiant | Which form of energy is the stimulus for vision? |
| hydrogen, carbon, nitrogen and oxygen | The four major elements contributing to body mass are: _____. |
| sum of protons and neutrons | The mass number of an atom is equal to the _____. |
| iron | A defficiency in _____ can be expected to reduce the hemoglobin content of blood. |
| proton | A _____ has a positive charge, 1 amu, and is in the nucleus. |
| electrons | The subatomic particles responsible for the chemical behavior of atoms are _____. |
| glycogen | In the body, carbohydrates are stored in the form of _____. |
| hydrogen bonds | In a beaker of water, the water-water bonds can properly be called _____. |
| single covalent bond | When a pair of electrons is shared between two atoms, the bond formed is called a _____. |
| polar molecules | Molecules formed when electrons are shared unequally are _____. |
| inorganic molecule | Sodium chloride is a(n) _____. |
| Acids | _____ release protons when dissolved in water. |
| monosaccharide | A chemist runs across a chemical compound composed of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen in the proportion 1:2:1 and having six-sided molecular shape. It is probably a _____. |
| triglyceride | A _____ consists of a glycerol plus three fatty acid groups. |
| amino acid | A chemical has an amine group and an organic acid group. It does not, however, have any peptide bonds. It is a(n) _____. |
| cholesterol | The lipid used as the basis of vitamin D, sex hormones, and bile salts is _____. |
| Enzymes | _____ are organic catalysts that increase the speed of a chemical reaction. |
| cell | The smallest unit capable of life by itself is the _____. |
| cholesterol and phospholipids | The major types of lipid foundin the plasma membranes are _____ and _____. |
| gap junctions | Membrane junctions that allow nutrients or ions to flow from cell to cell are _____. |
| hypertonic | The term used to describe the type of solution in which cells will lose water to their environment is _____. |
| Osmosis | _____ always involves a selectively permeable membrane, a difference in solvent concerntration, and diffusion. |
| active transport | A physiologist observes that the concentration of sodium inside a cell is decidedly lower than that outside the cell. Sodium diffuses easily across the plasma membrane of such cells when they are dead, but not when they are alive. What cellular function that is lacking in dead cells explains the difference? |
| plasma membrane | The solute-pumping type of active transport is accomplished by changes in shape and position of carrier molecules in the _____. |
| phagocytosis | The endocytotic process in which a sampling of particulate matter is engulfed and brought into the cell is called_____. |
| Centrioles | _____ start to duplicate in G1, lie in the centrosome, and are made of microtubules. |
| chromatin | The nuclear substance composed of histone proteins and DNA is _____. |
| gene | The information sequence that determines the nature of a protein is the _____. |
| prophase | The phase of mitosis during which centrioles reach the poles and chromosomes attach to the spindle is _____. |
| G2 | Final preparations for cell division are made during the life cycle subphase called ______. |
| mRNA | The RNA species that carries the coded message, specifying the sequence of amino acids in the protein to be made, from the nucleus to the cytoplasm is _____. |
| UUU | If DNA has a sequence of AAA, then a segment of mRNA synthesized on it will have a sequence of _____. |
| specialized structure and suppressed genes and embryonic history | A nerve cell and a lympocyte are presumed to differ in their _____ and _____. |
| rough ER/Golgi/PM | A pancreas cell makes proteins which it releases to the small intestine. Which of the following best describes the path of these proteins from synthesis to exocytosis at the pancreatic cell's plasma membrane? |
| connective tissue | Tissue type composed largely of nonliving extracellular matrix; important in protection and support. |
| muscle tissue | The tissue immediately responsible for body movement. |
| nervous tissue | The tissue that enables us to be aware of the external environment and to react to it. |
| epithelium tissue | The tissue that lines body cavities and covers surfaces. |
| stratified squamous | An epithelium that has several layers, with an apical layer of flatened cells, is called _____. |
| simple columnar | Epi. tissue that lines most of the digestive tract. |
| stratified squamous | Epi. tissue that lines the esophagus. |
| pseudostratified ciliated columnar | Epi. tissue that lines much of the respiratory tract. |
| simple squamous | Epi. tissue that forms the walls of the air sacs of the lungs. |
| transitional | Epi. tissue found in the urinary tract organs. |
| simple squamous | Endothelium and mesothelium epi. tissue. |
| exocrine gland | The gland type that secretes products such as milk, saliva, bile or sweat through a duct is _____. |
| mucous membrane | The membrane which lines body cavities that open to the exterior is a(n) _____. |
| connective tissue | Scar tissue is a variety of _____. |
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