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Joseph Stalin The first leader of the Soviet Union Totalitarian A characteristic of a government or state under a dictatorship in which one political party or group maintains complete control and bans all others Benito Mussolini established a totalitarian regime in Italy Facism a system of government characterized by a rigid one-party dictatorship, the forcible suppression of opposition, private enterprise under centralized govenmental control, and belligerent nationalism, racism, and militarism, etc.; first instituted in Italy in 1922 Adolf Hitler became the leader of the Nazi Party after World War I Nazism The political al philosophy-based on extreme nationalism, racism, and militaristic expansionism- that Adolf Hitler put into practice in Germany from 1933-1945 Neutrality Acts A series of laws enacted in 1935 and 1936 to prevent U.S. arms sales and loans to nations at war Neville Chamberlain British Minister hi Winston Churchill a poilitical rival for the leadership of Great Britain Appeasement The granting of concessions to a hostile power in order to keep the peace Nonaggression Pact An agreement in which teo nations promise not to go to war with each other Blitzkrieg A sudden massive attack with combined air and ground forces, intended to achieve a quick victory Charles De Gaulle a french general Holocaust The systematic murder of 11 million Jews and other people by the Nazis before and during world War I Kristallnacht A name given to the night if November 9, 1938, when gangs of Nazi storm troppers attacked Jewish homes, businesses, and synagogues in Germany Genocide The deliberate and systematic extermination of a particular racial, national, or religious group Concentration Camp A prison camp operated by Nazi Germany in which Jews and other groups considered to be enemies of Adolf Hitler were starved while doing slave labor or were murdered Axis Powers The group of nations-including Germany, Italy, and Japan-that opposed the allies in World War II Lend-Lease Act A law enacted in 1941, that allowed the United States to ship arms and other supplies, without immediate payment, to nations fighting the Axis Powers Atlantic Charter A 1941 decleration of principles in which the United States and Great Britain set forth their goals in opposing the Axis Powers Allies In World War II, the group of nations-including Great Britain, the Soviet Union and the United States-that opposed the Axis Powers Hideki Tojo became the new Prime Minister of Japan George Marshall Army Chief of Stall General who pused for the formation of the WAAC A. Philip Randolph President of the Sleeping Car Porters and the nation's leading African-American leader Nisei are mean A U.S. citizen born of immigrant Japanese parents Office of Price Administation (OPA) an agency established by Congress to control inflation during World War II War Production Board an agency established during World War II to coordinate the production of military supplies by U.S. industries Rationing a restriction of people's right to buy unlimited amounts of particular foods and other goods, often implemented during wartime to assure adequate supplies for the military Dwight D. Eisenhower an American General commander of "Operation Torch" D-Day a name given to June 6, 1944- the day on which the Allies launched an invasion of the European mainland during World War II George Patton Army General Harry S. Truman American senator Battle of the Bulge a month long-battle of World War II, in which the Allies succeeded in turning back the last major German offensive of the war V-E Day a name given to May 8, 1945 on which General Eisenhower's acceptance of the unconditional surrender of Nazi Germany marked the end of World War II in Europe Douglas Macarthur Army General Chester Nimitz Commander of the U.S. naval forces in the Pacific Kamikaze involving or engaging in the deliberate crashing of a bomb-filled airplane into a military target Manhattan Project the U.S. program to develop an atomic bomb for use in World War II J. Robert Oppenheimer worked in a secret laboratory in Los Alamos, New Mexico, to build the atomic bomb of the Manhattan Project Hiroshima a Japanese city in which an atomic bomb was released on August 6 Nagasaki a Japanese city in which an atomic bomb was released killing about 200,000 people Yalta Conference a 1945 meeting at which the leaders of the United States, Great Britain, and the Soviet Union agreed on a set of measures to be implemented after the defeat of Germany United Nations an international peacekeeping organization to which most nations in the world belong, founded in 1945 to promote world peace, securtiy, and economic development Nuremberg Trials the court proceedings held in Nuremberg, Germany, after World War II, in which Nazi leaders were tried for war crimes GI Bill of Rights a name given to the Servicemen's Readjustment Act, a 1944 law that provided financial and educational benefits for World War II veterans James Farmer Civil Rights leader who founded CORE Congress of Racial Equality (CORE) an interracial group founded in 1942 by James Farmer to work against segregation in Norhtern cities Japanese American Citizens League (JACL) an organization that pushed the U.S. government to compensate Japanese Americans for property that they had lost when they were interned during World War II