| Term | Definition |
| Anatolia | Ancient name for Turkey |
| Phoenecia | Ancient name for Lebanon |
| Assurbanipal | created first library |
| cuneiform | writing in clay/wedge-shaped |
| ziggurat | flat-roofed layered temples |
| Ishtar | beautiful Babylonian gate |
| Gilgamesh | epic hero |
| fertile crescent | epithet for Mesopotamia |
| stylus | cuneiform writing tool |
| Enkidu | Gilgamesh's friend |
| Assyrians | fierce warriors |
| Eridu | first city |
| tell | archaeological mound |
| Nebuchadnezzar | king, built Hanging Gardens for wife |
| Hammurabi | created first law code |
| Tigris & Euphrates | rivers that form Ancient Mesopotamia |
| Babylon | Ancient Baghdad |
| Sargon | ancient powerful king |
| ideogram | symbol for abstract entity e.g. hope |
| meso | prefix = middle |
| Jericho | great walled city/famous battle took place there |
| votive | small religious statue |
| Persia | huge ancient empire, approximately Iran |
| dragon & lion | fierce animals for decoration & intimidation |
| scribe | ancient writer/ copier |
| Inanna | goddess of love & war |
| Ishtar | Inanna's other name |
| immortality | goal of Gilgamesh's search |
| cylinder seal | device used to show ownership |
| Hammurabi | wrote first codified laws |