| Term | Definition |
|---|
| characteristic | A physical attribute of an organism, such as hair color, height, color pattern, etc. |
| traits | A specific variation of a characteristic that an organism can pass on to its offspring through its genes. |
| heredity | The passing of traits from parents to offspring. |
| genes | A segment of DNA on a chromosome that codes for a specific trait. |
| genetics | The scientific study of variation and heredity. |
| offspring | Product of reproduction, a new organism produced by one or more parents |
| inherited | Transmitted through genes from parents to offspring. |
| asexual reproduction | The reproductive process that involves only one parent and produces offspring that are identical to the parents. |
| sexual reproduction | The reproductive process that involves two parents who combine their genetic material to produce a new organism, which differs from both parents. |
| fertilization | The joining of sperm cell and an egg cell. |
| clone | An organism that is genetically identical to the organism from which it is produced. |
| probability | The likelihood that a particular event will occur. |
| random | By chance, like the flip of a coin |
| genotype | An organism's genetic makeup, or allele combination. (example, TT, Tt, tt) |
| phenotype | n organism's physical appearance, or visible trait. (example, orange tailed) |
| stamen | The male reproductive parts of the flower. It includes: |
| pistil | The female reproductive parts of the flower. It includes: |
| allele | The different forms of the gene. |
| recessive | An allele that is masked when a dominant allele is present. |
| homozygous | Having two identical allele for a trait. (For example, TT or tt) |
| heterozygous | Having two different alleles for a trait. (For example, Tt) |
| chromosomes | Rod-shaped cellular structure made of condensed chromatin. DNA condenses into chromosomes just before cell division. |
| mutation | Types Include: substitution, duplication , insertion, and deletion. |
| meiosis | Meiosis: The process that occur in sex cell (sperm and egg) by which the number of chromosomes is reduced in half. |
| "nature vs nurture" | the debate regarding how much influence GENES and the ENVIRONMENT have on an individuals traits |
| diversity | the wide variety of traits that are expressed in living things, primarily due to sexual reproduction |
| co-dominance | A pattern of inheritance when the two alleles of a gene are neither dominant or recessive, the two alleles are both expressed. (For example, B=black features, b=white feathers, Bb=black and white features) |
| incomplete dominance | A Pattern of inheritance when the combination of a recessive allele and dominant allele (heterozygous) is expressed as a blend of the two traits. (For example, R=red r=white Rr=pink) |
| pedigree | A chart or "family tree" that tracks which members of a family have a particular trait. |
| nitrogen Bases | The chemicals that make up the rungs of the DNA ladder. A-T and C-G match. |
| messenger RNA | RNA that copies the code message from the DNA in the nucleus, and carries the message into the cytoplasm |
| transfer RNA | Carries amino acids and adds them to the growing protein at the Ribosome. |
| codon | The three-letter code of bases on the messenger RNA that codes for one amino acid |
| anti-codon | The three letter code of bases on the transfer RNA that matched up with the codon on the messenger RNA. |
| amino_acid | The building blocks of proteins. |
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