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What are the factors of production? Land, labour, capital, and entrepreneurship What was the 'breakthrough' invention? Improved Steam Engine (1769). Invented by James Watt. Water for steam, heated by coal to power it. What was the invention that was important to the Textile Industry? May be considered THE most important one. The cotton gin How did the use of machinery in industry impact workers? Reduced the number of workers from (for example) 5 to 1. What was the other important invention for the Textile Industry? Sewing Machine Who invented the steamboat? Robert Fulton (1807) What impact did the Stephenson Steam Locomotive have on shipping? (1825) things were shipped throughout the US and Europe at a much faster rate. What were the most important inventions of the Communication Revolution? Telegraph (1832), Telephone (1876) Who invented the telegraph? Samuel Morse (1832) For the purpose of communication between the US and Europe, what was placed in the Atlantic? Transatlantic cable (1866) What was the Malthusian Theory (1798)? More people= fewer resources or food Who invented the seed drill? Jethro Tull (1830s) Who invented the reaper? Cyric McCormick and his slave (1840s) Who invented the steel plow? John Deere What rose in urban areas (besides population)? Sky-scrappers First sky-scrapper ever? Home Insurance Building (Chicago) AND/OR Equitable Life Building (NYC) What natural resources were vital to the Construction Revolution? Coal and iron and steel Who was the father of modern sky-scrappers and Wainwright Building in St. Louis? Louis Sullivan What is Capitalism? An economic, social system. Individuals control means of production. Characterized by private business What were the characteristics of the Philosophical Revolution? 'Advent' of socialism. Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels (Communist Manifesto), and Haves vs Have Nots. What was utopian socialism and what were its four stages? Communism. Revolution. Dictatorship of the Proletariat. Socialism. PURE Communism. What were the attributes of Romanticism? Artistic, literary, intellectual. Allowed ppl to escape from modern realities. Where did workers typically work and what were the conditions of workers? Factories (where there were supervisors present). Low wages, 14 hours/day, 6 days/week, abuse, child labour. Who was a famous person who supported better conditions for workers? John Stuart Mill Results of John Stuart Mill's, and like individuals', work? Limitations to child labour (8 and up). Children under 13, >8 hours per day.