| Term | Definition |
| geology | The scientific study of the origin, history, and structure of the earth |
| dispersal | The act or process of spread out or the condition of being disperse |
| culture | the way a group of people live |
| maize | tall annual cereal grass bearing kernels on large ears |
| culture area | an area where people share many features of the same culture |
| coniferous | trees that bear cone |
| democracy | Government by the people, exercised either directly or through elected representative |
| wampum | used among the Iroquoians both as money and as a record of treaties |
| Mohawk | a tribe in the Iroquois Confederacy |
| Nootka | An Aboriginal tribe on the west coast |
| potlach: | a feast at which the host gave away many gifts |
| totem poles | built by west coast tribes to honor their family |
| Blackfoot | the strongest Aboriginal nation on the Plains |
| Buffalo | the most important source of food on the plains |
| HBC | Hudson Bay Company |
| travois | made of two crossed poles pulled behind a horse for carrying loads |
| Sun Dance | A dance where the Plains Indian sought a vision to guide them for the rest of their lives |
| Subarctic | a huge area of North America which spreads from Alaska in the west to the Maritimes in the East |
| canoe | They were used by the First Nations and later by the explorers and fur traders for travelling throughout Canada |
| squash | A field crop grown by the Huron First Nation |
| igloo | The Inuit word for snowhouse |