The Digestive System
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54 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 appendectomy | surgical removal of the appendix |
| colonoscopy | visual examination of the colon (with a colonoscope) from the cecum to the rectum |
| hyperemesis | severe and excessive vomiting |
| dyspepsia | difficult digestion; indigestion |
| stomatitis | inflammation of the mucous membrane of the mouth |
| aphthous stomatitis | Inflammation of the mouth with small, painful ulcers; canker sores. |
| Crohn's disease | chronic autoimmune disorder that can occur anywhere in the digestive tract. Chronic digestive inflammation causing fever, cramping, diarrhea, weight loss, and anorexia |
| hepatitis | inflammation of the liver caused by a virus or a toxin, characterized by yellowing of the skin and the whites of the eyes |
| irritable bowel syndrome | a common condition of unknown cause with symptoms that can include intermittent cramping, abdominal pain, bloating, constipation, and/or diarrhea |
| pruritis ani | chronic inflammation of perianal skin due to fungal infection or parasites, causes excoriation, thickening, pigmentation, burning and itching |
| thrush | fungal infection of the mough caused by Candida albicans resulting in painful creamy white raised patches of the tongue and oral mucosa |
| volvulus | abnormal twisting of the intestines (usually in the are of the ileum or sigmoid colon) resulting in intestinal obstruction |
| absorption | the process of absorbing nutrients into the body after digestion |
| achlorhydria | an abnormal deficiency or absence of free hydrochloric acid in the gastric juice |
| anal fistula | abnormal tube-like passage from the surface around the anal opening directly into the rectum |
| aphagia | loss of the ability to swallow |
| ascites | accumulation of serous fluid in peritoneal cavity |
| borborygmus | Growling sound heard in the abdomen |
| deglutition | the act of swallowing |
| dental caries | soft decayed area in a tooth, cavities |
| emaciation | extreme leanness (usually caused by starvation or disease) |
| emesis | vomiting |
| eructation | a reflex that expels wind noisily from the stomach through the mouth, belching |
| flatulence | a state of excessive gas in the alimentary canal |
| gallstones | small hard particles made of cholesterol which form and collect in the gall bladder --may block the bile duct causing pain and discomfort --treated by surgical removal of the gall bladder |
| hernia | rupture in smooth muscle tissue through which a bodily structure protrudes |
| icterus | yellow discoloration of the skin, sclera (white of the eye), and other tissues caused by excessive bilirubin in the blood (jaundice = yellow) |
| mastication | the act of chewing |
| nausea | the state that precedes vomiting |
| pyorrhea | flow or discharge of pus |
| steatorrhea | fat in the feces; frothy, foul-smelling fecal matter |
| vomitus | food and fluids expelled from the stomach through the mouth; emesis |
| abdominocentesis | surgical puncture of the abdomen to remove fluid |
| cholecystectomy | surgical removal of the gall bladder (usually for relief of gallstone pain) |
| colostomy | a surgical operation that creates an opening from the colon to the surface of the body to function as an anus |
| fluoroscopy | x-ray using a fluorescent screen to visualize structures in motion |
| gastric Lavage | washing out the stomach with sterile water or a salt-water solution |
| herniorrhaphy | surgical repair of a hernia, suturing of a hernia |
| oral cholecystography | Involves administration of oral contrast media 12-24 hours before the study |
| small bowel follow through | a contrast study for small intestine and ileocecal abnormalities |
| -ase | enzyme |
| bil/i | bile |
| -centesis | (surgery) the act of puncturing a body cavity or organ with a hollow needle in order to draw out fluid |
| cheil/o | lips |
| -ectasia | dilation, stretching |
| -emesis | vomiting |
| enter/o | intestine |
| gingiv/o | gums |
| gloss/o | tongue |
| stomat/o | mouth |
| a.c. | before |
| b.i.d. | twice a day |
| GERD | gastroesophageal reflux disease |
| GTT | glucose tolerance test |
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