1.
alleles: Various combinations of ___________________ at each of several genes control human skin color.
2.
amniocentesis: A doctor performs a procedure called _______________ to get cells from the fluid that surrounds a developing baby.
3.
amniocentesis: What procedure helps diagnose a genetic disorder before a baby is born?
4.
bacterial cell: (Genetic Engineering in Bacteria) The ___________________ takes up the plasmid, It now contains the human gene.
5.
blood type: Give an example of a trait that is controlled by a gene with MULTIPLE alleles (choices: dimples, hairline, blood type)
6.
carrier: A recessive allele can be passed to an offspring by a _____________who does not show the trait
7.
carrier: A ____________ is a person who has one recessive and one dominant allele for a trait
8.
chromosome: Down syndrome is caused by the presence on an extra______________
9.
chromosomes: Down syndrome most often occurs when _____________ fail to separate properly during meiosis
10.
clone: A ____________has exactly the sames genes as the organism from which it is produced
11.
Cloning: The technique called ________________ produces an organism that is genetically identical to its parent
12.
codominant: The allele for the sickle cell trait is ________with the normal allele
13.
colorblindness, hemophilia: List two examples of sex-linked traits
14.
crimes: DNA fingerprinting is being used to help solve ______________
15.
crops: What is commonly produced today by hybridization?
16.
cystic fibrosis: What genetic disorder causes the body to produce unusually thick mucus in the lungs and intestines?
17.
diet: IMprovements in medical care and in ___________have altered the effects of genes on height
18.
diet, medical care, living conditions: List THREE environmental factors that have caused people to grow taller over time
19.
different: Except for identical twins, all people have __________DNA
20.
DNA: Scientists in the Human Genome Project are working to identify the ________________ sequence of every human gene
21.
DNA: In genetic engineering, genes from one organism are transferred into the _________________of another organism
22.
DNA fingerprinting: _______________helps to solve crimes because n two people, except identical twins, have the same DNA
23.
Dolly the lamb: What was the first animal ever cloned?
24.
Down syndrome: A karyotype can be used to diagnose the genetic disorder called ______________
25.
environment: A person's surroundings, or ______________, can change the effects of a person's genes
26.
environmental: Height is affected by both genes and __________ factors
27.
four: height is controlled by at least ________________ genes (give number)
28.
gene therapy: is when genetic engineering is used for trying to correct some genetic disorders. It involves inserting working copies of the gene directly into the cells of a person with a genetic disorder.
29.
genetic disorder: is an abnormal condition that a person inherits through genes or chromosomes,
30.
genetic engineering: a gene from one organism is inserted into the dna of another organism in the process known as ______________
31.
genetically identical: Cloning results in two organisms that are ____________
32.
genome: all the DNA in one cell of an organism is called a __________
33.
hemoglobin: What is the protein that is NOT normal for people with sickle cell disease?
34.
hemophilia: A person who has the genetic disorder called ___________ bleeds easily
35.
Human Genome Project: The goal of the ____________________ is to prepare an encyclopedia that shows the DNA sequence of every gene.
36.
hybridization: Breeders use a technique called ____________ to cross genetically different individuals
37.
hybridization: Which form of selective breeding crosses genetically different individuals in an attempt to keep the best traits of both parents?
38.
identical twins: No two people have the same DNA except ____________
39.
identify: The purpose of the Human Genome Project is to ____________ the DNA sequence of every gene in the human genome
40.
inbreeding: Which form of selective breeding crosses parents with the same or similar sets of alleles?
41.
inbreeding: a selective breeding technique called _____________is used to breed purebred dogs
42.
karyotype: a picture of chromosomes in a cell is called a __________
43.
karyotype: A doctor can look at the chromosomes of a cell in a _____________
44.
male: an egg that is fertilized by a sperm cell with an Y chromosome will develop into a __________
45.
males: sex-linked traits that are controlled by recessive alleles are MORE likely to show up in
46.
males: Hemophilia occurs more frequently in ___________
47.
many genes: A trait such as height and skin color that has many different phenotypes is often controlled by ____________
48.
mask: Females (xx) - a dominant allele on one X chromosome will __________ a recessive on the second X chromosome
49.
meiosis: Down Syndrome most often occurs when chromosomes fail to separate properly during
50.
multiple: the three alleles of the single gene that controls blood type are said to be ____________ alleles
51.
multiple alleles: more than two FORMS of a gene that control a trait
52.
mutations: Genetic disorders are caused by ____________
53.
mutations or changes in DNA: What causes genetic disorders?
54.
no matching allele: Males (XY) have ___________________ on the Y chromosome to mask or hide the allele on the X chromosome. The result, any allele on the X chromosome will produce the trait even if it is recessive.
55.
pedigree: What is a chart that tracks which members of a family have a particular trait?
56.
pedigree: A _______________________ is used to track the occurrence of a trait in a family
57.
phenotype: A person's environment can affect his or her _______________________ for certain traits, such as height
58.
phenotypes: When many genes control a trait, the trait will show a large number of ________________
59.
plasmid: (Genetic Engineering in Bacteria) Human DNA is spliced into the _______________which is a small ring of DNA in bacteria
60.
protein: (Genetic Engineering in Bacteria) The bacterial cell produces the ___________that the human gene codes for.
61.
punnett squares, pedigree charts, karyotypes, amniocentesis: What are 4 tools to diagnose genetic disorders?
62.
recessive allele: Hemophilia is caused by a ________________ on the X chromosome
63.
selective breeding: The process of selecting a few organisms with the desired traits to serve as parents of the next generation is called ____________________
64.
selective breeding, cloning, genetic engineering: List three methods that people have used to develop organisms with desirable traits
65.
sex-linked genes: ________________ are genes on x and y chromosomes that have their alleles passed from parent to child on the sex chromosome
66.
sex-linked traits: ____________are those traits that are passed along on the sex-linked genes
67.
sickle cell disease: People who have the genetic disorder called _____________ suffer from a lack of oxygen in the blood.
68.
sickle cell disease: What genetic disorder results in abnormally shaped blood cells?
69.
sickle cell disease: A genetic disorder in which an abnormal form of hemoglobin is produced is _______________
70.
square: A male is represented by a __________ in a pedigree
71.
three: SKIN is controlled by at least ________________ genes (give number)
72.
two: Even if a gene has multiple alleles, a person cannot have more than ____________ of those alleles
73.
X: an egg that is fertilized by a sperm cell with an ________ chromosome will develop into a female
74.
X and Y chromosomes: sex- linked genes are genes on the ______
75.
XX: What combination of sex chromosomes results in a female human being?
76.
XY: What combination of sex chromosomes results in a male human being?
