Ch. 13: Spinal Cord & Spinal Nerve
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Created by:
lisanguyen93 on February 4, 2010
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56 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 meninges | membranes that surround the CNS |
| meninges | membranes that lie between the bone and soft tissues |
| dura mater/ arachnoid mater/ pia mater | three layers of the meninges (superficial to deep) |
| dura mater | layer of meninges composed of white fibrous CT and contains many blood vessels and nerves |
| dura mater | forms the inner periosteum of the skull bones |
| epidural space | provides a protective pad around the spinal cord |
| epidural space | seperates the dura mater from the vertebrae |
| subarachnoid space | contains cerebrospinal fluid between the arachnoid and the pia maters |
| pia mater | layer of meninges that is thin and contains many blood vessels and nerves |
| helps cushion/ nourishes/ maintain stable ionic concentration/ provides pathway to blood for wastes | functions of the cerebrospinal fluid |
| ventricles | the 4 cavities in the brain |
| choroid plexuses | masses of blood capillaries in brain ventricles that produce CSF |
| ependymal | cells that cover capillaries and form a cerebrospinal fluid barrier |
| cerebrospinal fluid barrier | protects the CNS from harmful substances in the blood |
| arachnoid villi | reabsorbs CSF |
| spinal cord | begins at the foramen magnum and terminates between the 1st and 2nd lumbar vertebrae |
| spinal nerves | connect the CNS to the PNS |
| cervical enlargement | supples the nerves to the upper limbs |
| lumbar enlargement | gives off nerves to the lower limbs |
| conus medullaris | conical tapering of spinal equine |
| conus medullaris | extension of the lumbar enlargement |
| filum terminale | arise at conus meddularis |
| filum terminale | extension of the pia mater |
| cauda equina | formed by the lumbar, sacral, and coccygeal nerves at the end of the cord |
| anterior median fissure/ posterior median sulcus | two deep longitudinal grooves that divide the cord into right and left halves |
| gray commissure | connects the right and left sides of the spinal cord |
| interneurons | the majority of gray matter in the spinal cord |
| anterior/ posterior/ lateral funiculi | three regions of white matter |
| nerve tracts | major nerve pathways |
| sensory | nerves that enter posterior cord |
| motor | nerves that exit the anterior cord |
| transmit nerve impulses to and from the brain/ house the spinal reflexes | functions of the spinal cord |
| nerve tracts | provide communication between the brain and PNS |
| ascending | tracts that carry information to the brain |
| descending | tracts that carry information away from the brain |
| axons | nerve fibers within the ascending and descending tracts |
| subarachnoid space/ central canal | CSF flows through these |
| foramen magnum | the spinal cord begins here |
| filum terminale | helps anchor spinal cord in place |
| gray commissure | the horizontal bar of gray maatter in the middle of the spinal cord |
| sensory/ motor | two types of nerves |
| spinal nerves | formed by the anterior and posterior roots of the spinal cord |
| nerve | cordlike bundle of nerve fibers held together by layers of CT |
| sensory | nerves that conduct impulses into the brain and spinal cord |
| motor | nerves that carry impulses to muscles or glands |
| mixed | nerves that include both sensory and motor |
| spinal nerves | provide two-way communication between the spinal cord and parts of the uppoer and lower limbs, neck, and trunk |
| endoneurium | surrounds each nerve fiber |
| perineurium | divides groups of fibers into fascicles |
| epineurium | covers the entire nerve |
| cervical - 8/ thoracic - 12/ lumbar - 5/ sacral - 5/ coccygeal - 1 | groups of spinal nerves and number of pairs |
| plexus | a complex network of spinal nerves |
| phrenic | nerve that conducts impulses to the diaphragm |
| reflexes | automatic responses to changes within or outside the body |
| monosynaptic | reflex where sensory neurons communicating directly to a motor neuron |
| intercostals nerves | the anterior branches of the thoracic spinal nerves do not enter a plexus and instead become these |
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