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Confucius china's most influential scholar born in 551 lived during the zhou dynasty studied and taught history music and moral character he believed that china's social order could be restored if they focused on five main relationships ruler and subject, father and son, husband and wife, older brother and younger brother, friend and friend filial piety respect for parents and elders from children confucism social order harmony and good government should be based on family relationships respect for parents and elders is important to a well-ordered society. education is important both to the welfare of the individual and society daoism the natural order is more important than the social order a universal force guides all things human beings should live simply and in harmony with nature legalism a highly efficient and powerful government is the key to social order punishments are useful to maintain social order bureaucracy a trained civil service those who run the government laozi founder of daoism lived in the 6th century dao means the way made contributions to alchemy, astronomy, and medicine I ching a book of oracles throw coins at it yin and yang two power that represent natural rhythm, yang- masculine qualities, yin feminine qualities qin dynasty legalist, autocracy, ended in rebellion by 3 peasants, lasted a little over 20 years 36 districts built up the great wall ended in 202 shi huangdi 13 year old starter of the qin dynasty he was cruel his name means first emperor doubled china's size made noble families live with him strongly against Confuciuism han dynasty ruled china for 400 years confucinism start of the silk roads started by liu bang who was one of xiang yu's generals but he started a civil war and defeated him centralized government central authority controls the running of the state both han and qin dynastys followed this lu one of liu bangs wife's who had friends in court who helped her stay in power her son was too young too rule so she did wudi liu bangs great grandson he defeated xiongnu colonized areas in the NE conquered mountain tribes made NW border safer by putting troops in xiongnu's old pastures employed 130,000 people and 18 different ranks civil service jobs government jobs that civilians obtained by taking examinations monopoly occurs when a group has exclusive control over the production and distribution of certain goods assimiliation the process of making these conquered peoples part of a the chinese culture analects book with confucius's words written by his students