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thalamus relay center, smell is the only sense does not go thru here, largest portion of diencephalon projection fiber axon of neuron in a region of the brain whose terminals form synapses with neurons in another region lateral geniculate nucleus nucleus of thalamus, receive fibers from retina, projects to primary visual cortex medial geniculate nucleus nucleus of thalamus, receive fibers from auditory, projects to auditory cortex ventrolateral nucleus nucleus of thalamus receives input from cerebellum and sends axons to primary motor cortex hypothalamus group of nuclei beneath thalamus, controls autonomic nervous system, controls pituitary gland, organize behavior-fighting, feeding, fleeing, mating cerebellum little brain, important component of motor system, under developed=autism cerebellar cortex cortex covers surface of cerebellum deep cerebellar nuclei nuceli located within cerebellar hemispheres, receive projections from cerebellar cortex and sends to other parts of brain cerebellar peduncle footing, little feet, perch, resting area, gives support to cerebellum hanging off back of brain pons bridge, important in sleep and arousal, neurotransmitter system, modulate neural activity, alertness, vigilance, sleep, mood, how brain functions medulla oblongata includes nuclei control vital functions-cardiovascular, respiration, skeletal muscle tone spinal cord cord of nervous tissues extends from medulla and down spinal root fiber network combo of sensory/motor info, occur in pairs fuse and form a spinal nerve cauda equina bundle of spinal roots located underneath end of spinal cord, horses tail caudal block anesthesia and paralysis of lower part of body produced by injection into csf surrounding equina dorsal root afferent, sensory, info coming in ventral root efferent, motor, info leaving, exit cranial nerves 12 pairs of peripheral nerves, attached directly to the brain, serve motor functions to head, neck, shoulders somatic nervous system part of PNS, controls movement of skeletal muscles, transmits somatosensory info to CNS, things we can control, react to consciously autonomic nervous system controls body vegetative functions, unconscious level, hormone release, breathing, heartbeat, blood pressur sympathetic division get body ready for action, secretion of sweat glands, adrenaline, epinephrin sympathetic ganglia synapses between neurons of sympathetic nervous system parasympathetic divsion brings body back to resting normal state, homeostasis, involved with increases in the supply of stored energy blood brain barrier tightly packed together, things cannot pass thru easily, must be small, regulates the chemicals that can enter the CNS from the blood, helps the CNS maintain proper composition of fluids inside/outside the nerurons diencephalon region of forebrain, surrounds 3rd ventricle, contains thalamus and hypothalamus anterior pituitary gland master gland, hormone control- sends releasing to blood stream, secretions controlled by hypothalamic hormones nucleus brain collection of cell bodies unified in function neurosecretory cell neuron secretes substances or hormone like posterior pituitary gland endocrine gland contains hormone secreting terminal butons of axons whose cell bodies lie within hypothalamus midbrain region of brain surrounds cerebral aqueduct, the central of 3 major divisions of brain tectum roof, dorsal part of midbrain, includes superior/inferior colliculi superior colliculi protrusions on top of midbrain, part of visual system, heads where your eyes want to be, visual reflexes, reactions to moving stimuli inferior colliculi directs where you turn your head to orient yourself to a sound tegmentum covering, ventral part of midbrain, includes gray matter, reticular formation, red nucleus, substantia nigra reticular formation large network of neural tissue located in the central part of brain stem, plays a part in sleep, arousal attn, movement, vital reflexes periaqueductal gray matter controls muscle group, sends signals to muscles according to emotional state, contains neural circuits involved in species typical behaviors-fighting, mating, involved in sensitivity to pain red nucleus large nucleus of midbrain, receives input from cerebellum and motor cortex, sends axons to motor neurons in spinal cord substantia nigra dark stained region of tegmentum contains neurons that communicate with basal ganglia hindbrain includes metencephalon and myelencephalon most bottom part of brain olfactory nerve nasal cavity, smell optic nerve visual, retina-> thalamus, 3 other nerves control vision vestibulocochlear nerve all sensory hearing, sense of balance vagus nerve neck, shoulders, motor info to big organs-stomach, intestine farthest extended into body facial nerve big nerve, tongue, taste