APUSH Unit 5 Review
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CaptainAPUSH on February 5, 2010
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96 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 1883 legislation that attempted to replace the "spoils system" with a "merit system," by creating the Civil Service Commission. In other words, people seeking government jobs would now have to pass a test to receive the job, based on merit | Pendleton Act |
| New York democratic party/political machine; gained notoriety for corrupt practices; political machines came to power because of the rapid growth of cities-machines traded services to city-dwellers for votes at the polls | Tammany Hall |
| most famous political cartoonist of the Gilded Age; known for his scathing editorials against the infamous Boss Tweed | Thomas Nast |
| 1882 legislation passed in response to complaints of workers on the West Coast that competition from Chinese immigrants was driving down wages and threatening white racial purity; ended Chinese immigration | Chinese Exclusion Act |
| aka: The National Grange of the Patrons of Husbandry; founded by Oliver Kelley; promoted education and socialization of farmers | The Grange |
| 1894; along with other unemployed people lead a march to Washington, D.C., to support enactment of laws that would create public works projects | Jacob Coxey |
| political party created in the 1890's that supported reform and represented the views of the farmers | Populists |
| economic situation in which goods and services are more expensive, therefore causing a decline in the value of money; loss of purchasing power | Inflation |
| a decline in general price levels, often caused by a reduction in the supply of money or credit | Deflation |
| 1887 legislation passed as an attempt to assimilate the Indians by dividing reservations into individual pieces of land, breaking up the tribes | Dawes Severalty Act |
| written by Helen Hunt Jackson in 1881 to expose the atrocities the United States committed against Native Americans in the 19th century | A Century of Dishonor |
| The Significance of the Frontier in American History argued the closing of the Frontier had ended an era in American History | The Turner (Frontier) Thesis |
| in the mid 19th century, groups of miners searching for precious metal (gold and silver) began the surge into the West, beginning the boom-bust cycles of settlement | Miners |
| famous speech given by William Jennings Bryan; in support of bimetalism, Bryan spoke of the gold standard as a burden (like the cross) | "Cross of Gold" Speech |
| Election of 1896; partly because of the popularity of his speeches, he received the nomination of the Democrats and Populist | William Jennings Bryan |
| a landowner allows a tenant to use the land in return for a share of the crop produced on the land; primary occupation of African Americans in the New South | Sharecropping |
| early African American civil rights leader; established Tuskegee Institute; known for his "Atlanta Compromise" of 1895 | Booker T. Washington |
| speech given by Booker T. Washington that outlined his ideas concerning African American self-improvement through vocational education to achieve economic goals | Atlanta Compromise |
| the separation of the races in the United States | Segregation |
| provides equal protection and due process of the law | 14th Amendment |
| taking away the right to vote | Disfranchise |
| the right to vote | Suffrage |
| unfair test administered to people in the South, to disfranchise black citizens | Literacy Test |
| voting tax used to keep black people from voting | Poll Tax |
| name adopted from a slavery-era play; during this time period, the law enforced segregation of African Americans from whites | Jim Crow Era |
| the African Americans migrating to the Great Plains state (ie: Kansas & Oklahoma) in 1879 to escape conditions in the South | Exodusters |
| the usage of both silver and gold as currency; Republicans believed i a money system based on the single gold standard, while the Democrats (Populist) believed in bimetallism | Bimetallism |
| paper currency (money) | Greenbacks |
| absorbing of a weak/smaller culture by a stronger/dominant culture | Assimilation |
| Indian tribe led by Chief Joseph; ordered onto a reservation in Idaho in 1877, they fled instead; after giving up they were removed to a reservation in Oklahoma | Nez Perce |
| 1890 U.S. cavalry slaughter of Native Americans marketing the end of the Indian Wars on the Great Plain | Wounded Knee |
| 1877 Supreme Court decision allowing state governments to regulate railroad rates | Munn v. Illinois |
| the Supreme Court ruled in 1886 that only the federal government could regulate interstate commerce, leading to the creation of the Interstate Commerce Commission | Wabash v. Illinois |
| 1896 Supreme Court decision allowing for "separate but equal" facilities | Plessy v. Ferguson |
| Jocob Coxey's army of unemployed who marched on Washington D.C. during the Panic of 1893 | Coxey's Army |
| 1884 election...GOP who criticized Blaine and defected to the Democrats. | Mugwumps |
| 1887..began gov't regulation of the railroads...gov'ts policy switched from land subsidies to forbidding rebates to favored customers...required publication of rates, established ICC, prohibited rebates, outlawed short haul surchage. | Interstate Commerce Act |
| Cleveland elected again...Populists made strong gains in the West | 1892 Election |
| Official US policy involved reservations the allotment of land to individuals | Indian Policies |
| technological advancement in the manufacturing of steel | Bessemer Process |
| 1890...purpose was to attempt to restore business competition....was not immediately successful | Sherman Anti-Trust Act |
| Real wages declined, production increased dramatically, new types of business corporations emerged, immigration increased | Effects of Industrialism |
| not much success in the late 1800's because unionism was the opposite of American individualism | Labor Unions |
| during the Gilded Age...ruthless competitors who cheated investors and exploited workers...late 19th century | Robber Barons |
| Excluded from US in early 1880's ..first group to be targeted by Congress | Chinese Immigrants |
| Welcomed all workers: skilled/unskilled, black/white, male/female | Knights of Labor |
| Bombing in Chicago in 1886 at a labor rally...skilled workers abandoned the K of L in favor of the A F of L ...people associated unions with violence | Haymarket Riot |
| after 1890(more or less)...came from Southern and Easter Europe in the later 1800's ..settled in the big cities of the Northeast and Midwest | New Immigration |
| Carnegie....Control all aspects of the stell making to increase profits | Verticle Integration |
| Reockefeller...a company that buys other businesses in the same industry | Horizontal integration |
| assisted immigrants in exchange for their votes, found immigrants jobs, provided legal help and emergency assistance, psychological comfort | Urban Political Machines |
| headed a ring of politicians that cheated NY City out of $100 million | Boss Tweed |
| Pseudo-scientific evidence used by welathy Americans to prove that they deserved their wealthy...natural selection and survival of the fittest | Social Darwinism |
| Carnegie's belief that the wealthy must serve as trustees for their wealth and the public good | Carnegie's Gospel of Wealth |
| free coinage of silver to increase the supply of money in circulation | Populist Goals |
| Jane Addams was the leader of this movement...young, affluent college educated woman provided help for the immigrants | Settlement Houses |
| Populist/Dem Bryan Vs GOP McKinley...free silver vs gold standard...Bryan had made famous "Cross of Gold" speech | 1896 Election |
| federal land to the states to establish colleges | Morrill Land Grant Act |
| required the gov't to purchase silver | Sherman Silver Purchase Act |
| Nez Perce Indian Cheif "I will fight no more forever" | Chief Joseph |
| from 1865-1890, most immigrants came from northern western Europe ...after that from southern to eastern Europe | Immigration Patterns |
| Leader of the American Railway Workers Union...he turned to socialism after the Pullman Strike | Eugene Debs |
| during the gilded Age it was the primary function of Pres | Patronage/Spoils System |
| increase currency/money supply for higher farm prices..reduce farmer's debt...reduce power of the eastern bankers...expand silver mining...were all favored by the Populists | Effects of the "free silver" |
| defended by the GOP because it brought additional revenue to the federal gov't ...was main issue that divided GOP and the Democrats in the Gilded Age | Protective Tariff |
| Established seperate, segregated facilities in the south | Jim Crow Laws |
| prevented former slaves (freedmen) from voting | KKK |
| the most devastating factor in their demise was the killing of the buffalo | Plains Indians |
| United States financier who accumulated great wealth from railroad and shipping businesses (1794-1877) | Cornelius Vanderbilt |
| American inventor of the telephone | Alexander Graham Bell |
| Inventor of lightbulb, phonograph and numerous other innovations | Thomas Edison |
| Built a steel mill empire; US STEEL | Andrew Carnegie |
| often referred to as the richest person in history, this man founded Standard Oil and became a philanthropist who contributed to many worthy projects including but not limited to medicine, scientific research and education. | John D. Rockerfeller |
| United States labor leader (born in England) who was president of the American Federation of Labor from 1886 to 1924 (1850-1924) | Samuel Gompers |
| Men that were known for monopolistic corpurations | Trust |
| railroad which extended from Omaha, Nebraska westward | Union Pacific |
| railroad which extended from sacramento, california eastward | Central Pacific |
| an association formed by farmers in the last 1800s to make life better for farmers by sharing information about crops, prices, and supplies | Grange |
| powerful and wealthy 19th century steel corporation founded by Andrew Carnagie and JP morgan | US Steel |
| Term that identified southern promoters' belief in the technologically advanced industrial South | New south |
| Federation of craft labor unions lead by Samuel Gompers that arose out of dissatisfaction with the Knights of Labor | American Federation of Labor |
| Leader of Army At Sand Creek Massacre | Col. J Chivington |
| Found Gold in Black Hills and forced Sioux out (Little Big Horn) | General George Armstrong Custer |
| General Custer and his men were wiped out by a coalition of Sioux and Cheyenne Indians led by Sitting Bull and Crazy Horse | Little Big Horn |
| Refers to the overland transport of cattle by the cowboy over the three month period. Cattle were sold to settlers and Native Americans. | Long Drive |
| Passed in 1862, it gave 160 acres of public land to any settler who would farm the land for five years. The settler would only have to pay a registration fee of $25. | Homestead Act |
| Develpoed the Frontier Thesis | Fredrick Jackson Turner |
| A Farmers' organization founded in late 1870s; worked for lower railroad freight rates, lower interest rates, and a change in the governments tight money policy | Farmers Alliance |
| 1894 - nonviolent strike (brought down the railway system in most of the West) at the Pullman Palace Car Co. over wages - Prez. Cleveland shut it down because it was interfering with mail delivery | Pullman Strike |
| Republican William McKinley defeated Democrat William Jennings Bryan in 1896. Bryan was the nominee of the Democrats, the Populist Party, and the Silver Republicans.Economic issues, including bimetallism, the gold standard, Free Silver, and the tariff, were crucial. | Election of 1896 |
| English natural scientist who formulated a theory of evolution by natural selection (1809-1882) | Charles Darwin |
| Houses that poor people lived in, located in cities Showed some atrocities of American industrial life. | Dumbbell Tenement |
| Prohibited the manufacture, sale, and distribution of alcoholic beverages | 18th Amendment |
| the founder of Hull House, which provided English lessons for immigrants, daycares, and child care classes | Jane Addams |
| fought for African American rights. Helped to found Niagra Movement in 1905 to fight for and establish equal rights. This movement later led to the establishment of the NAACP | W.E.B. Du Bois |
| Settlement house founded by progressive reformer Jane Adams in Chicago in 18889 | Hull House |
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